Perspectives on leadership

Perspectives on coerershipPerspectives on leadingImportance of attractionshipThe quality of drawing cardshiphip is unitary of the to a greater extent or less most-valuable factors in determining the success and survival of groups and scheme. Often effectual lead compensates for lack of equipment and resources. leaders is non necessarily just just ab stunned possessing genuine traits or using a particular fl ar although these atomic number 18 sometimes of the essence(p). Its more about recognizing a goal and being satisfactory to curve and motivate a group towards the action of that goal. above COPIED FROM SHACKLETON, argumentation LEADERSHIP, P. 5 http//books.google.co.uk/books?id=bQ3YcYSASYgCpg=PA5lpg=PA5dq=%22Leadership+is+ non+necessarily+just+about+possessing+certain+traits+or+using+a+particular+style+although+these+ be+sometimes+ consequential%22source=blots=h3OzY7FtNfsig=K8w9Im49rsWdDiDS55rKX39GfNkhl=enei=y61xSpfDBKaRjAeKz_WRDAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultre snum=1Leadership is the ability of an individual to influence, motivate and enable otherwises to apply towards the soundness and success of the organization of which they are members.Leadership is the ability of a person to set congressmans for others and lead from the front. Its an attribute that influences the environment around us. In surmise leadership it shelf could not be carried out it had to be practiced. In the opinion of employees leadership is that which advances the organization goals while taking trade of employees well being. at that place are two very important components of effective leadership. One is belief and confidence in leadership which is an indicator of employee bliss in the organization. The second is effective communication by the leadership in making the employee understand the business strategy, helping them understand and contribute to the achievement of the organizations business objectives. ABOVE COPIED WORD FOR WORD FROM http//www.paggu.com/wor k-culture/what-is-leadership-what-are-components-of-effective-leadership/Leadership inspires the fol start outs makes them to fatality to try harder and set higher goals for themselves. There are various theories on leadership. According to trait hypothesis certain personality traits whitethorn lead good deal spontaneously into leadership roles. ABOVE SENTENCE COPIED FROM http//www.paggu.com/work-culture/what-is-leadership-what-are-components-of-effective-leadership/ passel are born with inherited traits and some of these traits are particularly suited to leadership. People who are good leaders take a leak the right combination of traits. Traits searing to leaders are adaptable to situations, alert to social environment, cooperative, decisive, energetic, dominant (desire to influence others), self-confident, persistent, tolerant of stress.The research on trait theory has shown that many other factors are important in determining lead success and that not everyone who processe s those traits will be a leader.While the traits may provide peck with the potential for leadership is the capacity to create a vision and utilise it that turns the potential into reality. ABOVE COPIED FROM SHACLETON, BUSINESS LEADERSHIP, P. 9 http//books.google.co.uk/books?id=bQ3YcYSASYgCpg=PA9lpg=PA9dq=%22While+the+traits+may+provide+people+with+the+potential+for+leadership%22source=blots=h3OzY7ECMhsig=hAiLWj-gtOZMQGt5cxNAracTaFghl=enei=X61xSpbIKNmrjAelrs2CDAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1Traits do matter and research in psychology is beginning to show which ones are the most important.Limitations of trait theory are that leadership traits are numerous and pull in different patterns. For example an approach to leadership in the manufacturing fabrication postdates does not mean it would succeed in the aviation industry of the same country. A crisis or an important event may ca economic consumption a person to rise to the source, which brings out extraordinary leadership , qualities in an ordinary person this is the Great Event theory. ABOVE COPIED FROM http//209.85.229.132/search?q=cachecScXwxxv67wJislamicmanagementandbusiness.net/image/Papers/Islamic%2520Management%2520by%2520Mokhter/Leadership.ppt+%22A+crisis+or+an+important+event+may+cause+a+person+to+rise+to+the+occasion%22cd=1hl=enct=clnkgl=ukThe Contingency theory states that there is no best way of leadership and that a leadership style that is effective in some situations may not be successful in others. The optimal leadership style is contingent upon various internal and external constraints. The most widely trustworthy theory today is the Transformational leadership which states that leadership skills can be get the hang by people who wish to become leaders. These leaders inspire followers to go beyond their own self interest for the good of the organization .They make people to move towards a shared vision, they shared knowledge with the employees heavy(a) them knowledge power. This style is appropriate when a new way of life is needed in the company. This style alike increases efficiency by giving ending making power to the front line employees and also allows the leader to use rewards and recognize behavior that will improve the work place. Leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementation of plants and motivating people.The three major(ip) styles of leadership are Authoritarian or autocratic Participative or classless Delegative or free reign Usually good leaders use all three styles with one of them dominant but leaders guide to use only one style.AuthoritarianThis style is used when leaders tell their employees what they want to be done and how they want it accomplished by getting the advice or feedback of their employees. This style can be used in conditions when you have all the knowledge to solve the problem and you done have enough time and your employees are well make. If you want to gain more commitment and m otivation from your stuff you can use this style e.g. use it on a new employee who is just learning the job and is motivated to learn a new skill.ParticipativeThis style involves the leader including the employees in the decision making process. However the leader takes the final decision. Using this style is not a sign of weakness rather its a sign of lastingness that your employees will appreciate. This style is usually used when you have part of the information and your employees have other parts. By having knowledgeable and skillful employees is of mutual turn a profit because it allows employees to become and feel part of the team and leader to make fall apart decisions.Delegative In this style the leader allows the employees to take the decisions. However, the leader is still answerable for the decisions that are made. This is used when employees are able to analyze the situation and check what needs to be done and how to do it. As a leader you set priorities and delegate certain tasks. You can use this style when you full trust your employees and have confidence in the people underneath you. There is a difference in ways leaders approach their employees. arrogant leaders use rewards to motivate them. Negative leaders use penalties which have a negative impact on the human spirit of their employees. They accept that by frightening everyone will result in higher productiveness but they achieve the opposite. The morale of the employees falls and this leads to lower productivity.Resent approaches of leadershipAttribution theoryThis theory explains how individuals understand events and how this relates to their thinking and behavior and also explains the difference in level of motivation between higher and lower achievers. According to this theory high achievers are willing to take on challenges and have faith in their abilities. On the contrary low achievers are not confident and even when they succeed they think that they are not responsible.Charism atic theoryIn this theory the individual is the centre of attention. This theory is more like derivation of Great Man theory the followers make attributions of heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviors. Transactional theoryIn this theory people are motivated by rewards and punishments. Social systems work best with a clear chain of command. The leader exercises bureaucratic authority .The basic objective here is task completion. The leader exercises full control over subordinates there is no empowerment of individuals so have to do what you are told.Conclusion All these theories have been followed over the years. Every theory had its positive and negative aspects. There is not one theory that can be followed completely. This is because leadership style varies from industry to industry and company to company. In my opinion the best style of leadership would be a mixture of the different styles.

Function Of The Cardiovascular System

Function Of The Cardiovascular SystemIn this opinion i will be writing about that structure and bit of the cardiovascular frame. The cardiovascular system includes the pump, farm animal vessels, beginning and the lymphatic system.The stock ticker is an organ that is a none fatiguing systembuilder it passes amino acids and other cay nutrients. It transports other gases manage atomic number 8 and hormones. It carries toss off products and then they are removed from the soundbox, as well as that it transports de group Oated gases and this is then expired.There are 5 functions of the heart these functions are transporting of nutrients, hawky of oxygen to working(a) muscles, removal of waste produce, distributing key hormones and to transport De-oxygenated blood to the lungs.-Transporting of nutrientsthis is one of the definitive functions of the heart because it has to deliver nutrients to our working muscles. These nutrients are carried via plasma and plasma is in our blood. This is important because the muscles admit to be supplied with energy and this energy is called glucose. This is needed for sports with short explosive movements like basketball. Glucose is similarly delivered with oxygen, and this slows that rate of the muscle fatiguing.-Removal of waste produceThe Cardiovascular system removes waste products such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Lactic Acid from the muscle wanders. If the lactic acid doesnt get removed from your muscles then you will ol factor iny sensation stiff and sore the next day and your muscles will not be able to perform as well as they did the day before.-Distributing hormones ductless gland system is where the hormones are produced it is then transported in blood. This is made from the ivory nubble witch is found in the centre of bones. Plasma is made up of about 53-56% blood it contains proteins, carbon dioxide, ions and blood cells. This is important when it comes to sport because it prepares us for sport and adrenaline is produced, when adrenaline is released the athletes heart rate will join on and will get them ready for the sport. A sporting example in basketball would be at the start of an important game when the players are anxious of nervous. Transport De-oxygenated blood to the lungsthe cardiovascular system also transports de-oxygenated blood to the lung and it is then expired. The pathway of this is as followed Blood enters the heart via the superior vein cava, extends into the right ventricle passing though the tricuspid valve. As presently as the right ventricle is full this valve then snaps shut to dismiss back decrease , it is important that there is no back flow because if oxygenated and de-oxygenate blood was to mix then the working muscles would not be getting any oxygen and would fatigue. Also it would starve the brain and you would pass out. future(a) on with the journey, the right ventricle it then flows via the pulmonary arterial blood vessel (this is t he just artery that carries de oxygenated blood) the blood is then defused in the lungs and becomes oxygenated. This is a very important function as out muscles need as much oxygen as possible to function at their optical level.-BloodRed blood cells theses are also called Erythrocytes these are used to carry oxygen some the body by Haemoglobin. They also transport other nutrients round our body that it requires. They take up oxygen in the lungs or gills and release it slice squeezing through the bodys capillaries. These cells cytoplasm is rich in haemoglobin, an iron-containing bimolecular that understructure bind oxygen and is responsible for the bloods red colour.The Cardiovascular system carries whiteness blood cells also called leukocytes, around our body which provides immunity from invading organisms. By having white blood cells in our body this stops us get seriously ill from illnesses, for example leukaemia, flu or just a cold .As our body is able to fight against it ke eping the flu to a minimum.-plateletsPlatelets are sticky fragments of cells. Like blood they are produced in the bone marrow. The function of platelets is to control bleeding and to form scabs. Thrombocytes do this by viscous together in cuts making tiny fibres grow. Our red cells get pin down within the individual fibres and form a blood change state. This blood clot then turns into a scab.-HeartImportant parts of the Heart which help the cardiovascular system work.the heart has a left and right fount, separated by a wall of muscle called the septum.Blood from your body enters the right aspect of your heart through veins. The blood is dark because it has given all its oxygen to your body.The right side of the heart pumps the blood through the pulmonary artery to your lungs to pick up oxygen.After travelling through the lungs, the blood turns promising red because it is rich in oxygen.The oxygen-rich blood then returns to the left side of your heart and is pumped out to your body through the large artery called the aorta.The cardiovascular system can be affected with intense training. This would grow a positive affect on training. Endurance training would summation the left ventricle wall. This is called hypertrophied. Basically this means that the heat does not substantiate to work as hard to pump the blood around the heart because it is stronger, but it still pumps the right union of oxygen and blood to the working muscles. If you were to do this training then your resting heart rate would be decreased. hardly over time if you was to stop training then your heart would lessen in size over time. But this could be bad if you were to do too much intense training because the heart would get to hem in and your resting heart rate would be too low, if it was under 30BPM then it could be life threatening this is called hypertrophic cardiomypathy. TE-Lymphatic system diagram.svgPart of the immune system is the lymphatic system which is made up of a netw ork of conduits that carry a clear fluid called lymph (from Latin lympha water). It also includes the lymphoid tissue and lymphatic vessels through which the lymph travels in a one-way system in which lymph flows alone toward the heart. Lymphoid tissue is found in many organs, particularly the lymph nodes, and in the lymphoid follicles associated with the digestive system such as the tonsils. The system also includes all the structures dedicated to the circulation and production of lymphocytes, which includes the spleen, thymus, bone marrow and the lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive system.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_systemAnother function of the cardiovascular system is the regulation of body temperature, this is controlled by homeostasis.Homeostasis is the state of inner balance and stability maintained by the human body despite constant changes in the external environment. It also works by filtering the blood and removing a carefully regulated amount of wate r and wastes to the lungs working together with the heart, blood vessels, and blood to distribute oxygen throughout the body and remove wastes.It includes monitoring the water balance in the body, controlling blood sugar, body temperature control and monitoring of urea in the blood. All these processes are controlled by mechanisms such as sensors that detect the factor value. Another mechanism is the correction mechanism involving a negative feedback. discipline of body temperature is controlled constriction and dilation of blood vessels, which is demonstrated in the body through vasoconstriction and vasodilation.Vasodilation involves the dilation of the blood vessels to release excess heat and then blood will flow quickly/faster to the muscles. The vessels are output in diameter so more blood can flow through.Vasoconstriction involves the constriction of the blood vessels to keep in any heat thusly blood will flow slowly to the muscles. The vessels are reducing in diameter so le ss blood can flow through.

Importance Of A Teaching Philosophy Education Essay

Importance Of A program line Philosophy Education EssayAlhamdulillah, my breeding experience began when I was still a bookman in tri plainlyary school. The recess and breaks were the springs for me to involve myself in the education process. This continued at home whereby I apply to get ph 1 calls from my friends to explain just almost a particular consequence from subjects like maths, physics and chemistry. After graduating from college, I worked for six months as teacher in a private vicarious school in my locality before engaging myself into tertiary studies. Hence, I could say that on the job(p) as a teacher after my graduation from university is manything I would gestate as normal.Actually, I am in my fifth part grade as an educator and Alhamdulillah, I had the experience of working in three different schools with savants, both boys and girls, from different socio-cultural backgrounds. In the following chapters, I would like to sh atomic number 18 my didactic s method ism. But original, the importance of foundering unmatchables teaching philosophy give be discussed.Chapter Two Importance of a Teaching PhilosophyA teaching philosophy provincement is a taxonomical and critical rationale that foc implements on the important components defining effective teaching and reading in a particular discipline and/or institutional context (Schonwetter et all, 2002, p.84). According to Campos (2010, p.2), it states our learning experiences, goals, beliefs, level of headmasterism and self-development among many separate elements. As for Natasha Kenny (2008, p.8), an educational developer at the University of Guelph, a teaching philosophy statement all the way and logically slip aways what your first harmonic values and beliefs are nigh teaching and learning, why you hold these values and beliefs, and how you translate these values and beliefs into your e realday teaching and learning experiences.Regarding the importance of developing a t eaching philosophy, Coppola (2002, p.450) states that the teaching statement maintains you a starting point for testining your teaching practices, allows you to share your appraisals with others, and allows you to monitor the progress of your consume development as a teacher.Brookfield (1990) identified four different blueprints in developing a teaching philosophy. These pur sit arounds arePersonal purpose it is substantially-be grantd that your teaching philosophy reflects why you are doing what you are doing.Political purpose your teaching philosophy deficiencys to show that your position is grounded in a well-developed and carefully philosophy of practice. This jockstraps you to authorize remark, which is important to grow yourself in the political area.Professional purpose your teaching philosophy needs to show your lord goals to develop an identity that allow help you to improve the development of professional strengths among other teachers.Pedagogical purpose teac hing is close growing and conclusion new ways to develop your slight(prenominal)ons according to the learners needs, so your teaching philosophy should show what effect you are having on students and on their learning?Chapter tether My Teaching Philosophy3.1 Teaching in GeneralTeaching should be such that what is offered is perceived as a valuable gift sooner than a hard duty Albert EinsteinAlhamdulillah, since I began teaching, I had the occasion to teach different subjects, besides maths, like English Literature, Computer Studies and combine Science to students with a broad range of needs, familiarity, and cultural backgrounds. Apart from working as educator in colleges, I also try to help my friends and others outside school. Moreover, I rehearsed to give a special ancestry on Tajweed to my brothers of the Islamic faith in the mosque. I once had the hazard to teach a friend who was undertaking his undergraduate degree in Mathematics and he was older than me. Several i mportant general principles that I try to social occasion in my teaching practice can be formulated as followsNo matter how experienced a teacher is, every new class and every new student pose a challenge. For excellence in teaching, in that location is always room for improvement.A teacher has to appeal to different learning styles, to offer a material body of instructional experiences, and to keep an fall in mind to new teaching techniques to give every student the prospect to participate fully and actively in the learning process.Being a successful teacher depends on creating a learning environment with the open exploration of ideas, a relationship in which students feel respected as well as challenged. Students should be boost to stretch themselves a bit beyond their level of comfort and be given an opportunity to leave every class feeling that they hurt overcome a new challenge successfully.Teaching should be an underlying component of the creation of new acquaintance, an initial step toward continuing education, and first of all, self-education.Though student satisfaction is important for better learning, teaching oddly in math should not become a popularity contest, or a show. A teacher is responsible to the society in general, and should resist the hale of lowering academic standards in education.3.2 Teaching of MathematicsWe could use up two Eternities in learning all that is to be learned about our ingest conception and the thousands of nations that have arisen and flourished and vanished from it. Mathematics solely would occupy me octonary million years Mark TwainMathematics is like draft checkers in being suitable for the young, not too thorny, amusing, and without peril to the state PlatoBeing a mathematics teacher as well as a lover of the subject, there are rough features of mathematics that bring abouts it a very special discipline. To name a fewMathematics is an gauzy intellectual game where all the players win.Mathemat ics is also a representative that can be used for developing independent and critical thinking.Mathematics can be recognizen as a language that allows us to fleet ideas precisely between ourselves.Lastly, mathematics is a tool used in natural sciences and, thus, a required discipline for many students.The above statements alone motivate me to share my mathematical knowledge, among others, to my students. However, my goals for teaching mathematics are many. Firstly, communicate to my students that mathematics is a fun and improve their confidence about mathematics as well as reducing their anxiety about mathematics. another(prenominal) goals areDetect and fill gaps in students prior math knowledgeDevelop a mathematical sense about quantities, geometry, and symbolsDevelop a variety of problem-solving strategies and basic computational skillsEnable and empower studentsEnable students to fare judgments based on quantitative learning, to prove basic results, to read mathematics eff ectively and to deduct their accept thought processesEncourage a broader gratify in mathematicsEnsure that students really understand conceptsEstablish shaping student attitudes about mathematicsFacilitate acquisition of life-long learning skills bring up a desire to ask mathematics questions, critical thinking, student find of mathematics and foster understanding of the proofs of key theoremsTeach the beauty of mathematicsHelp students learn the key theorems and their applications make better students understanding of engineering scienceImprove students writing abilitiesIncrease the number of mathematics majors as well as the students mathematical knowledgeModel expert problem-solvingMotivate students to make an effort to learn mathematicsOpen the doors to other opportunities for studentsPrepare afterlife mathematicians, students for technical careers and students to be knowledgeable adultsTeach applications to other fields peculiarly for abstract subjects like vectors whe reby students a great deal ask the question where will vectors used us in our life?Teach calculator and computer skills, fundamental concepts, generalizing, logical precedenting, mathematical writing, predicting, problem-solving and proof-reading of mathematicsTeach students how to translate back and forward between words and mathematicsTeach students to work collaborativelyIt is, unfortunately, very baffling to try to show the real beauty of mathematics in the fashion model of most existing curricula as they are designed to feed students with often more facts than anyone could swallow. Just covering the required material usually takes a bit more clock than is available. Another problem is that mathematics as a language can be quite technical, and to formulate something meaningful, one has to spend years learning rules of the mathematical grammar first.I consider mathematics to be a challenging subject to teach, which makes it particularly attractive for me. I try to use ever y possibility to expose students to the exciting world of mathematics, often implicitly, so they may not even notice it at first. I think that students participation is crucial for learning mathematics.3.3 Teaching Styles and MethodsMy mathematics classroom features multiple of methods of instruction that depends onthe subject matter of the lesson, that is, the root to be taught andmy experience with how single(a) students and classes best learn mathematics.On some occasions, the student-centred approach or whole-class discussions are undertaken while on other occasions, small-group investigations are carried out and still others claver individuals working one-on-one with another student or with me. This classroom interaction helps build relationships between my students and I and simultaneously, among the students themselves. These confused classroom practices help address the varied learning styles found in the mathematics classroom.Furthermore, I prepare my classes meticulous ly, but I like to extemporize whenever possible. I dislike being interrupted during my explanation but I love it when the students ask questions afterwards and I congratulate them for any unsloped questions and comments. I open each session with a brief monitoring device of the previous sessions material and an outline of the days topic, and I typically resolve with a summary of key points. in that respect is a special session for review before every major test. I usually mouth clearly, loudly, and slowly, but enthusiastically. Students are encouraged to learn from each other as their grades are not curved, thus, students are not competing with their classmates. In some classes, especially my Integrated Science classes, I give group projects and homework, depending on the topic being covered. When possible, I distribute solutions to homework problems, quizzes, and tests. To reduce students anxiety about tests, I normally give my students revision exercises before any major te st and I encourage them to work extra problems on their own and come to see me for any problems. I do not consider memorization to be the most important in mathematics classes this is why I make and encourage my students a lot to practice maximal number of problems. If the course would have allowed it, I would make all my tests open-book/notes. Assignments and projects are naturally integrated into my courses. I spend time explaining the assignments and solving uniform problems in class for further discussion.3.4 Use of applied scienceI intend that once I was in a chanceing with my above lxx year old rector and he told me In my time, when we had to do a mathematical calculation, we used the logarithm table and he asked me whether I knew how to use the logarithm table Alhamdulillah, today we have the electronic calculator. This little append of engineering science is the only electronic device that our students can use in their studies as the different curricula do not cater for the use of other electronic devices in the examination room. I would have loved to see a modify in these curricula which would enable more the use of technology in the learning of mathematics. Personally, I am a great caramel of the newest educational parcel that may be used in the teaching and learning process. At present, to use mathematical software at college would step up unrealistic but I hope to find a change soon in the curricula which will make it real. However, students first need to understand that technology is a tool, much like a compass or a protractor, and that technology must be used only as a tool. Central to my use of technology in the classroom is the idea that students must understand what they are doing mathematically even when they use technology as an aid.As mentioned earlier, the most ubiquitous piece of technology in and out of the classroom is the electronic calculator. While the calculator can be a useful tool to lessen the drudgery of calculation s, it is important for students to be able to function without it. This does not mean that calculators should not be used, but rather that students should have some intuition about whether an answer is reasonable. The use of calculators and other technology can improve a students intuition of mathematics and mathematical reasoning. While most exercises in a statistics class have relatively small data sets, using premade data sets and computer programs allows students to gain real experience with professional tools and helps them visualize trends. The use of computer software with prepared examples is very useful for in-class visualizations in different courses, such as differential equations, calculus, and even pre-calculus. While doing the assignment for the module Instructional Technology for my Bed Course, I came across software called Yenka which provides simulations. I really apprehended the part on probability where while explaining the different outcomes when tossing two co ins, there a simulation actually tossing the two coins. I hope, insha Allah, to use it when I explaining this topic t my students in the near future.With the advent of tablet PCs, I am hopeful, insha Allah, that it is only a matter of time before the use of mathematical software and online examination at minuteary level will be implemented. But, at the same time, I strongly oppose the annoyance of technology. There are courses in mathematics, where students need to learn how to use their point rather than calculators/computers. In my short experience in teaching, I came across an HSc (Higher School Certificate) student doing the simple arithmetic problem using a calculator3.5 My Best Personal AchievementFacilitate things to people and do not make it hard for them Prophet Muhammad (Peace and Blessing of God manufacturer be upon Him)I sincerely believe that the best academic mental process of a student is not to see the high-flyer student being be first at the end of the year b ut rather to see the low-achiever student able to answer almost all questions of the same exam paper correctly at the end of the year and have a very good result, regardless of his/her overall rank.At my school, the concept of streaming is applied to separate the best students, often labeled as the high-flyers, and those less able students, often labeled as low-achiever students (some proponents of the Marxist view will disagree totally with this concept). Last year, I had the opportunity to work with the less able students of Form I and Form II, teaching Integrated Science. Alhamdulillah, I was motivated but I could that a lot of these students lack motivation. Furthermore, some of them came from poor socio-background and some came from broken families. There was even a claw who repeated Form I So, at first it seems very difficult to expect that half of them would understand the different topics even more so that they would pass their final year exam. After all, we are talking ab out Science which supposedly is a subject for the intelligent students.I estimate out that I should use a different approach with them. Finally, I opted for the Learning by Fun concept. It required much more verve from me but Alhamdulillah, I do not regret for one second all the energy used that year when working with these students as the reason is obvious almost all pupils not only passed the final year examination but they actually obtained very good results Masha Allah. The icing on the cake was when the head of the science department informed me that the rector was very pleased with the result.3.6 Concluding NotesI believe that each child is a unique individual who needs a secure, caring, and stimulating atmosphere in which to grow and mature emotionally, intellectually, physically, and socially. It is my desire as an educator to help students meet their fullest potential in these areas by providing an environment that is safe, supports risk-taking, and invites a sharing of i deas. There are three essential elements that I believe are contributing(prenominal) to establishing such an environment,the teacher acting as a guide,allowing the childs natural peculiarity to direct his/her learning, andpromoting respect for all things and all people.When the teachers role is to guide, providing access to information rather than acting as the primary source of information, the students search for knowledge is met as they learn to find answers to their questions. For students to construct knowledge, they need the opportunity to soften for themselves and practice skills in authentic situations. Providing students access to hands-on activities and allowing adequate time and space to use materials that reinforce the lesson being studied creates an opportunity for individual discovery and construction of knowledge to occur.Equally important to self-discovery is having the opportunity to hold things that are meaningful and relevant to ones life and interests. Develop ing a curriculum around student interests fosters intrinsic motivation and stimulates the passion to learn.Helping students to develop a deep love and respect for themselves, others, and their environment occurs through an open sharing of ideas and a judicious approach to discipline. When the voice of each student is heard, and environment evolves where students feel free to express themselves. Class meetings are one way to encourage such dialogue. I believe children have greater respect for their teachers, their peers, and the lessons presented when they feel safe and sure of what is expected of them. In background fair and consistent rules initially and stating the importance of every activity, students are shown respect for their presence and time. In turn they learn to respect themselves, others, and their environment.For me, teaching provides an opportunity for continual learning and growth. One of my hopes as an educator is to instill a love of learning in my students, as I s hare my own passion for learning with them. I feel there is a need for compassionate, strong, and dedicated individuals who are excited about working with children. In our emulous society it is important for students to not only receive a material education, but to work with someone who is aware of and sensitive to their individual needs. Alhamdulillah, I am such a person and will always filter to be the best educator that I can be.

Buffer Overflow Attacks And Types Computer Science Essay

relent flood lamp Attacks And Types Computer Science Essay snarf yellowish brown Overflows ar one of the main reasons for tasks in a calculating machine establishment. Statistics in this report pee shown that the number of advances in the past 20 years is increasing drastically and it is devotee overflow which is also rated the just about occurring attack. This paper basically provides the miscellaneous embarrassion techniques for Buffer Overflow attacks, worry Canaries, DEP and ASLR, and more which have been deployed and are drop deading sound to a veritable extent.IntroductionIt is the job of the compiler to check for hallucinations or vulnerabilities in the polity. In C, the compiler is not so very efficient to detect these ordered errors. The simplest form of a buffer overflow attack would be as follows-char buf15char buf210=A1B2C3D4E5strcpy(buf1,buf2)The higher up 3 lines of code are compiled without whatever error by the C compiler as in that locatio n are no syntactical errors. besides logically we are copying a string of 10 chars into a buffer which tidy sum hold nevertheless 5 chars. This might be a small typing error on the syllabusmers side, only if results in an attack which usher out overwrite the info which might have been stored in the retentiveness location next to the outer space allocated for buf1. This is Buffer Overflow. Its types are explained in the section below.Buffer Overflow Attacks types.Buffer Overflow Attack as defined by Kramer (2000) occurs when a chopine or a process tries to business leader more data into a buffer than it is actually intended to hold. The simplest examples to explain this is the program above, but in laymans terms, let us assume 2 remands, one with a capability of 2 fiftys and another of 1 litre. If you try to empty the 2litres of water into the jug which can hold only 1 litre, you spill 1 litre of water. This attack can have many consequences on a system like incorrect r esults, security breach or even a system scud.Posey (2005) explains the different types of Buffer Overflow attacks. There are basically two kinds of buffer overflow attacks1. Heap-based attacks and2. Stack-based attacks.In Heap-based attack the attacker floods the memory space which is actually reserved for the program. This attacks is not exactly easy as it feels, hence the number of attacks with respect to the heap are very rare.In Stack-based attack, the attacker takes advantage of the pile, a part of the memory reserved for the program to store data or reference pointes. The attacker then partially crashes the mint candy and forces the program execution to start from a return name of a malicious program address which is actually written by the attacker.Statistics bod 1. Buffer Overflow StatisticsStatistics from the National photo Database(2011) show the occurrence of Buffer overflow attacks. It ranges from 1989 to 2011. The graph is declining in the last 3-4 years, but expe rts say that there is a possibility that it may rise again.Prevention TechniquesSome army based mechanisms to interdict Buffer Overflow Attacks are mentioned below spotting Elimination Kuperman(2005) says detection and elimination of the vulnerable code is necessary in advance someone takes advantage of that code. In this technique there are ship dash in which software searches for some specific type of code. This is known as Source Code Auditing. Vernon (2003) in his WhitePaper has mentioned techniques and ways how it is done. Kuperman has also mentioned about a group, OpenBSD Group, a group which audits the source code free of cost for a BSD based Operating System. The time taken for analysis is large and the expertise of the volunteers determine their efficiency.Complier Modifications A technique to repress buffer overflow attack is to modify the way the data is stored in the memory. StackGuard is a type of a complier which can be used to add gaps in the memory in between, these gaps are known as Canaries. It works in the following way whenever a function gets a return call, it reads the canary on the bargain and check for any modification. If it finds the canary is modified it understands it is under attack. (Kuperman, 2005). Another Complier, ProPolice uses pointers to address memory locations. ProPolice is also an enhancement concept of StackGuard. Frantzen Shuey (2001) in their article have mentioned about StackGhost. StackGhost is a unique technique which was developed by sunshine Microsystems. It detects the change in return pointers without actually affecting the program. It effect on the throughput is also negligible. This made attackers much more difficult to do a buffer overflow.Array Bounds Checking Cowan et al(2000) have explained each time an effect needs to be performed on an array, we can do the leap checking. If boundary is reached it wont allow writing into the array, thus avoiding the buffer overflow. Similarly we can write a co de to check the size of each buffer when writing. If the destination buffer is bigger than the other which is to be copied, then its ok or dont allow it. This technique although might work, but is very dearly-won to implement as it will delay the actual process.Non-Executable Stack Fritsch (2009) explains marker of the stack as Non-Executable can help stopping Buffer Overflow. But this in turn also stops genuine programs from executing straightaway from the stack. Sanders (2009) had also mentioned the same technique. The article mentioned that Microsoft had included a security romp in its new service pack for Windows XP (it was Win XP SP2). This was known as DEP (Data Execution Prevention). DEP is of 2 types hardware and Software. In Hardware DEP some split of the memory were marked as Non-Executable by the processor. But again this was a bit tricky as not all processors supported Hardware DEP. Software DEP on the other hand watches the exception thrown by program and checks w hether they actually belong to the program.Address Space Layout Randomization Wagle (2003) has mentioned that front the attacker used to insert a large number of nop instructions, to work around the memory location. ASLR randomly allocates memory locations to the code and data, thus qualification it difficult for the attacker to find the instructions.Proof Carrying Code (PCC) Necula (1997) says PCC is a technique which checks the properties of the program, and the code and also checks its security policy and determines whether it should allow it to execute it or not.SmashGuard Kuperman(2005) has explained this technique uses a modification of the normal call ret instructions. Whenever a call instruction is encountered along with the actual entry of the return address on the stack another entry on the data stack within the processor. Then when it encounters the ret instruction it matches both the return addresses. If it matches it goes forward with the execution else if a match i s not found then it terminates the program. in like manner no changes are made to the data. This is a technique which works well with Brute Force Attack.Split Stack Kuperman (2005) has explained that Split Stack or Secure Address Return Stack (SAS) is a proposed technique to prevent buffer overflow attack. In this technique two software stack are used, one for mesh information and another for data information. thence even if an attacker gains access to the data stack, he cannot affect the control stack. Although it might need to read and write from 2 stacks it is price the time.Write Correct Code Cowan et al (2000) writes, the best way to avoid any kind of attack if to write good and correct code. It is a humans tendency to write and forget the code, but that same code can be checked by someone else as well.The above mentioned prevention techniques are only few of them which are available there are many techniques available for prevention against Buffer Overflow Attacks and vari ous other attacks.RisksFritsch (2009) in another article has explained the way to bypass ASLR protection. He explains there exists a flaw in the random number times for ASLR. He explains it is not so very difficult to predict the randomisation address. Writing a program which will try and brute force the memory location till it finds the correct one breaks the ASLR protection. Symantec Architect Mr. Whitehouse (2007) had mentioned the problem of ASLR in Windows Vista.Research by Mr. Bojinov (2011) shows pre-linking can help in implementing ASLR on Android phones. He has introduced retouching which is similar in design to prelinking. Also crash stack analysis is introduced which uses crash reports on the local device to prevent brute-force attacks.ConclusionThis report includes what exactly are buffer overflow attacks, the defenses mechanisms which can be build up to prevent against them. Buffer Overflow attacks are on the top when discussing about penetration issues or buffer cere brate vulnerability issues. Earlier it were only professionals amateurs who were trying buffer overflow attacks, but now the situation has changed, a small keyword search Buffer Overflow Attack Programs returns results with detailed tutorials and description to perform it. Also the National Vulnerability Database shows that Buffer Overflow attacks have reduced in the past 3 years, but no one knows when situations might change.

Conversion of Waste to Energy

Conversion of bobble to vigourThis air division of the get across foc customs on scratch off to efficiency which is one of the nigh popular methods utilise to manage municipal solid wargon nigh the world. Through emaciate to force, tr change has h elderly up a useful material because we be able to convert it to awake. The flame of trash at a waste to talent facility wee ash, heat and flue accelerator pedal. From the ash, metals are recovered and reused. The flue waste is cleaned so it is sackd into the atmospheric state through the chimney. The heat educated is apply to commence electri urban effect that powers the appoint and nearby buildings. A waste to cypher blueprintt in the familiarity wait ons to change magnitude cycle rate which is beneficial for the urban center. There are much advantages to waste to energy than disadvantages, therefore it is essential that the metropolis utilizes waste to energy has a way of managing municipal solid waste .4.1.1. IntroductionThe management of municipal solid waste (MSW) in fresh York metropolis has changed over the one-time(prenominal) decade from ocean and street dumping, to unregulated incineration, to current and export landfilling pr playices (Sylvan, 2011). The NYC department of Sanitation, which is in charge of managing NYC waste collaborates with the Department of Parks and Recreation, the Sims Multi Recycling recovery Facility, and GreeNYC to manage the citys waste through recycling, waste step-down, and composting and fundamental waste recreation (Cohen et al., 2015). In 2006, to efficiently manage the citys waste, the city Council approved the Comprehensive strong Waste Management Plan (SWMP) which was created under the administrator of former city manager Bloomberg (Cohen et al., 2015). The purpose of this plan was to establish a dependable, economical, and sustainable dodging for managing the citys waste (Cohen et al., 2015). This plan was eventu in ally integrat ed into the sustainability planning under the PlaNYC, bare-assed York citys cosmopolitan sustainability plan in 2011 (Cohen et al., 2015). Under the new plan, in 2012, Former mayor Bloomberg announced that the city would solicit plans to build a waste to energy facility near or within invigorated York City (Rizzo et al., 2012). Waste to energy (WTE) technology is a sub class where trash is converted to heat/electrical energy. The most common waste to energy technology use around the world is mass veer, where trash is combusted to produce energy (Citizen compute Commission, 2012). However, the plan to build a WTE facility was eventually archived due to misconceptions surrounding WTE (Rizzo et al., 2012).4.1.1.1 scene on the ProblemIncinerators are not new to saucy York City. In the twentieth blow, there were thirty-two municipal and 17,000 apartment house traverse incinerator in the city (Walsh et al., 2001). In 1935, New York City was forced to plosive ocean dumping, wh ich was the waste tendency method for the city at that time, later a national lawsuit was filed by New Jersey coastal cities (Cohen et al., 2015). This led the city to commit on incinerators and landfill to dispose of its waste (Cohen et al., 2015). However, in 1952, citys officials reported that apartment house refuse incinerators were responsible for 30% of the citys var. taint (Walsh, 2002). The report on piece of cake pollution caused by incinerators in the 1950s led to the limits on incinerator usage traveling bagd on environsal grounds (Walsh, 2002). In 1970, after the Federal Clean Air act was enacted, the city was forced to shut down incinerators name that did not go the emissions guidelines (WastedNYC, 2015). The emission guidelines led to the closure of the citys four oldest municipal incinerators by 1971, and by mid- 1970s thousands of resident physicianial incinerators were closed down (Walsh, 2002). In 1989, City Council committee passes a bill to ban incin erators in the city in the adjoining four years (WastedNYC, 2015 Dunlap, 1989). This bill led to the decline of both(prenominal) residential and municipal incinerators, and by 1994 there were no more incinerator ingrafts in New York City (Walsh, 2002 Rizzo et al., 2012).4.1.1.2. Purpose of the PaperThe yearning of dribble and WTE are think because they both involve the electrocution of trash. However, WTE is not just virtually burning trash alone it is used to produce energy. The purpose of this paper is to issueline how WTE whole kit and caboodles work as well as the benefit the city stands to name if it builds its own WTE facility. The city currently sends approximately 10% of its MSW to WTE plants in Hempstead, abundant Island and Essex County, New Jersey (Cohen 2015, Citizen work out Commission, 2012). If the city were to build its owns plant, it would assuage silver from not spending on the transportation of waste and the use of early(a) states landfills or WTE facilities. WTE has the ability to improve New York Citys current waste disposal practices (Citizen work out Commission, 2012).4.1.2. Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Process4.1.2.1. How Incineration Works depict 4.1.1 Schematic Diagram of the MSW incineration process ( run et al., 2010).The incineration process of MSW is separated into three primary(prenominal) parts combustion, energy recovery and air pollution control (Lam et al., 2010). The stretch out in the implement (upper left, Fig.4.1.1) is used to feed solid waste into the furnace of the machine continually for combustion (Lam et al., 2010). The combustion of the waste in the furnace is enhanced by following the three Ts guideline, which are temperature, turbulence and time (Lam et al., 2010). High temperature increases burnout of the waste, era increasing turbulence reveals more waste surface and similarly increases burnout. (Lam et al., 2010). A longer resident time for the flue gas and waste also increases burno ut (Lam et al., 2010). The temperature for incineration should be at least 850 oC with a residence time of 2 minutes (Lam et al., 2010). Air supply must be sufficient during the process to ensure complete combustion of waste and to inhibit the formation of ascorbic acid monoxide and dioxins (Lam et al., 2010).For the energy recovery process of the system, heat is generated from the waste and it is used to produce steam in the boiler (Lam et al., 2010). The steam is then used to drives the turbine to generate electricity (Lam et al., 2010).Air pollution was a major problem for old incinerators in the 20th ascorbic acid. However, advance(a) incinerators are equipped with advanced pollution control systems which are designed to strike down pollution and ensure that the system is in compliance with environmental standards (Lam et al., 2010). To neutralize acidic gases such as hydrogen chloride and sulfur oxides, fine atomized slurry or lime powder is nebulizer into the hot exhaust gas using a dry/ rigid scrubber (Lam et al., 2010). alike in the system, an activated carbon column is used to adsorb the heavy metals and organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the exhaust gas (Lam et al., 2010). The bag filter install in the system acts to filter and remove dust particles and fine particulates from the combustion (Lam et al., 2016).4.1.2.2. The carrefour of Incineration of WasteAfter the combustion of the waste three products are produced, the products are flue gas, heat and ash (Lam et al., 2016).4.1.2.2.1. Flue gasThe flue gas produced from the combustion contains air pollutant (Zaman, 2010) (See table 4.1.3). Therefore, before the flue gas is release through the chimney, the filtering system makes sure the gas is clean to be released into the atmosphere (Zaman, 2010).4.1.2.2.2. HeatThe heat produced is used to generate electricity. The facilities use the electricity generated to engage the plant and sell the excess energy (Chambers, 2016 Citizen reckon Commission, 2012). At most facilities, for any net net long long ton of waste combusted, 550 to 650 Kilowatt/hour (KWh) of electricity is generated for exchange (Citizen budget Commission, 2012). This is the way that WTE facilities are able to earn more income for the plant (Citizen work out Commission, 2012).4.1.2.2.3. ashThere are two types of ash produced from the combustion, keister ash (BA) and fly ash (FA) (Lam et al., 2016). The ash is 90 part little than the original volume of the waste combusted (Citizen cipher Commission, 2012). From the ash, WTE facilities are able to aspirate recyclable ferrous and non-ferrous metals (Chambers, 2016 Citizen cipher Commission, 2012). Then the ashes are landfilled (Chambers, 2016). Before the ashes are landfilled, the facilities test the ashes to make sure that the ashes are not hazardous to the environment (Chambers, 2016). However, in some Asian and European countries that uses WTE, the ashes are not landfilled only if rather utilized for other purposes such as cement and cover production, road pavement, glass ceramics and ceramic production, adsorbent for dyes and agriculture (Lam et al., 2010 Prez-Villarejo et al., 2012). act of MSW ashesTypeApplicationComposition %CountryBAAggregate in coverup to 50%FranceBAAggregate in concretereplace up to 15% of cementSloveniaBARoad baseSpainBAAdsorbent for dyesIndiaBAconcreteItalyMixed Ash cement clinker brickup to 50%PortugalMixed AshCement clinker44% lacquerMixed AshCement clinker15%TaiwanMixed AshAggregate in concreteSpainFAConcrete50%FranceFAEco cement50%JapanFACeramic tile chinaFAGlass ceramicKoreaFABlended cementup to 45%UK put over 4.1.1 The uses of MSW Ash in different countries. The BA represents Bottom Ash, the FA represents Fly Ash and the Mixed Ash represents the mixture of both BA and FA (Modified after Lam et al., 2010).Table 4.1.2 Research projects on MSW ash as road bodily structure ma terials in the U.S. BA represents Bottom Ash and combined ash represents both Bottom Ash and Fly Ash (Modified after An et al., 2014).WTE facilities in the unify States(U.S.) such as Covanta have been lobbying to recycle the ash quite of landfilling it, but these attempts have been unsuccessful so far (Chambers, 2016). The facilities have been lobbying for both federal official and state edict that would allow the usage of ash in the plain (Chambers, 2016). Several studies conducted in the U.S. has proved that ash discharge buoy be used in the U.S. as part of road pull (An et al., 2014) (see table 4.1.2). disdain the research showing that ash is usable in the U.S. no regulation has been passed to allow the usage of ash (An et al., 2014). Recycling of ash would be benefactive role because it would help eliminate landfills. Therefore, it is essential that these facilities continue to lobby for the recycling of ash.4.1.3. Misconception more or less Waste to EnergyOpposition to waste to energy plant in the city is rooted in two misconceptions (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). One of the misconceptions is that a waste to energy plant would displace recycling programs in the city (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). This has been proven to be false based on places that use waste to energy as part of their waste management program (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). High reliance on WTE is in fact fit with high recycling rate (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). For example, in Austria where WTE facilities are used, 70 portion of its MSW is either recycled or composed while the remaining 30 percent is sent to WTE plants (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). Meanwhile, in the U.S., studies have shown that states that do not rely heavily on WTE to manage their waste have a recycling rate below 20 percent while states that rely heavily on WTE has recycling rates above 20 percent. (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). For example, Connecticut, which is one of the tri neing states in reliance on WTE, sends 63 percent of its waste to WTE plants and recycle d 26 percent of its waste (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). As of 2015, the recycling rate for the city was 16%, which is lower than the recycling rate for Connecticut (Szendro, 2015). This demonstrates that having a WTE plant in the city would not displace recycling but rather help us recycle better.The other misconception about WTE is that it causes air pollution which would affect the wellness of the resident that would who live around the plant (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). In the 20th century there was a problem with incineration due to the fact that it causes air pollution. However, modern incinerators are equipped with systems that reduce the amount of pollutants released from the plant (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). Also tight rule and regulations have led to the reduction of pollutant from WTE plants (Chambers, 2016). Under the federal Clean Air Act, WTE facilities must abide by the Maximum doable Control Technology (MACT) rules, which apply to eight different air pollutants (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). Every five years, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) updates the MACT, which result in the update of pollution control in WTE facilities to meet the new EPA limits (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). In 2012, the New York Department of Environmental preservation (DEC) examined eight air pollutants at the states municipal waste combustion plants and raise that most pollutant had declined by 30 to 60 percent from 1996 to 2010 (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012).*Toxic equivalent (sum of depicted object amounts multiplied by toxicity equivalency).Table 4.1.3. Emission from US WTE facilities Pre- versus grade MACT (Modified after EPA, 2016).Table 4.1.4. Average emission of 87 US WTE facilities (Lumber et al., 2006 as citied in Psomopoulos et al., 2009).WTE facilities in the US emit pollutants that are below that of the EPA old-hat (Chambers, 201 6, Psomopoulos et al., 2009) (see table 4.1.4). Numerous studies have shown that modern combustion plants pose no significant health risks (Citizen Budget commission., 2012). For example, a study in Germany, strand near new WTE facilities the dioxin levels are only 1 to 2 percent of the level considered harmful to human health (Citizen Budget Commission., 2012). Another example, in Montgomery County WTE facility a health risk assessment found that even in the worst case scenario a nearby sodbuster has a one in three million chance of increase health risk from exposure to the facility(Budget Citizen Commission., 2012). This shows that WTE plants have no effect on human health and the idea that WTE plants in the city would affect the health of New Yorkers is false.4.1.4. Benefit of Waste to Energy4.1.4.1. Energy production and reduction in Greenhouse gasesAt WTE plants, combustion of 1 metric ton of MSW generates approximately 600 kWh of electricity thus preventing the mining of 0.2 5 ton of U.S. coal or importing one barrel of oil for electricity (Psomopolous et al., 2009). This lead to the slip of energy produced at local facilities (Citizen Budget Commission., 2013). For example, the EPA calculated that for a ton of wasted combusted in the Middle Atlantic region prevent about 0.56 metric heaps of emission from local utilities (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). The EPA also estimated that for every ton of waste combusted, 0.04 tons of carbon dioxide from metal recovery is salvage (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). WTE is the only alternative to landfilling of non-recyclable wastes, where the decomposing waste releases methane into the atmosphere (Psomopoulos et al., 2009). Which means that the city practice of hauling waste to other states landfill is increasing the citys carbon footprint. Disposing of the citys garbage to local WTE would decrease the citys carbon foot print (Citizen Budget Commission., 2012).4.1.4.2. commencement of Renewable EnergyFigur e 4.1.2. Sources of U.S. electricity generation in 2015 (Modified after EIA, 2016).The combustible materials in MSW consist of 82% biomass (paper, food, yard wastes etc.), and 18% fossil oil chemical wastes (Psomopolous et al., 2009). Therefore, MSW is considered a renewable source of energy and it is included by the U.S. Department of Energy in the biomass fuel category of renewable energy source (Psomopolous et al., 2009). In 2015, renewable energy generated 13% of the energy produced in the U.S. (EIA, 2016). The electricity produced by WTE facilities in the U.S. is 3% of the renewable energy generated in 2015, which is less than the amount of electricity generated by other renewable energy sources such as wind (35% of renewable energy generated), and solar (5% of renewable energy generated) (EIA, 2016) (see Figure 4.1.2). However, compare to wind and solar energy, the electricity generated by waste is consistent because the availability of these resources is stable, while the am ount of electricity generated by the wind and solar energy depend on daily and seasonal worker weather, and this make the sources unreliable. (EIA, 2016). This shows that even though waste is not generating a grapple of energy, it is a stable energy resource.4.1.4.3. RecyclingHaving a WTE plant in the city would increase the citys recycling rate. WTE plant in the city would burn only non-recyclable material, which means that New Yorkers have the responsibility of sorting out their garbage before it is ca-can to the WTE plant (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012).4.1.4.4. Free amenitiesThe people who live near the WTE plant capability be entitle to free amenities. For example, the Toshima Incinerator plant in Tokyo has a swimming family and an affordable fitness center located within the plant (Harden, 2008). These amenities are accessible to the people who live in community where the plant is located (Harden, 2008). Another example, is the Hiroshima Naka Citys Incinerator plant in J apan, which is also known as the museum of garbage (Harden, 2008). The end of one of Hiroshimas main boulevards, overlooks the citys harbor, but the building has only blocked residents access to the water(Bernstein,2004). Therefore, the architect of the building decided to continue the boulevard, in form of a raised, glass-enclosed paseo (Bernstein, 2004). Beginning where the pavement ends, a 400-foot walkway slips was put through the building, ending in a new waterfront park. Residents can walk through the slip to get access to the waterfront park (Bernstein, 2004). The gorgeous architecture of the plant has made it a tourist attraction center in Hiroshima (Bernstein, 2004). This proves that WTE plants can be multifunctional. If the city decides to build its own WTE plants it can make it attractive to the community by including free amenities.4.1.5. Economic analysisIn 2012, the average price of displace our waste to distant landfill was $95 per ton and it was estimated that t he price would increase to $140 per ton in 2016 (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). Meanwhile move our waste to WTE facilities in Newark, New Jersey, and Hempstead, Long Island monetary value the city $66 and $77 per ton, respectively (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). The prices for sending our waste to distant landfill and WTE facilities is expected to increase in the coming years (Citizen Budget Commission, 2016). In comparison, the projected tipping fees of new plants are much lower than sending our waste out of the city (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). The New York City mugwump Budget Office (IBO) estimated that the tipping fee at a new WTE plant that process 900,000 tons of waste per year would cost about $108 per ton in 2019, which is cheaper than the $140 per ton in 2016 for landfill (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). Therefore, it would be beneficiary for the city to build its own plants.A full detail on economic analysis regarding WTE can be found in section 4.4 of this report.4.1.6. RecommendationThe use of a WTE plant located in the city or near the city offers both economic and environmental benefits compared to sending our waste out of the City (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). Different factors are obscure in estimating the economic benefits from the use of citys own WTE facility (citizen Budget Commission, 2012). The call factors for the estimation are the future price of transporting waste to landfills, and the time it would take to plan, design and construct a plant (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). Therefore, the cost of WTE would be compared to the amount the City would be paying to export its waste in 2022 (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). It is estimated that in 2022 the City would be paying $170 per ton to export to landfill (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012).It would cost the City $750 million to finance a 3,000-ton per day WTE plant and capital funding, cost of operations and net of electricity sales for the plant would be approx imate $109 million in 2022 (Citizen Budget Commission, 2016). It is assumed that the plant would be able to process 985, 500 tons of waste annually at a cost of $111 per ton if it operates all year round with 90 percent availability, (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). This would save the City $59 for every ton sent to the new plant instead of being transported to landfill (Citizen Budget Commission,2016). Using this estimate, taxpayers would save approximately $119 million if the city diverts two million tons from landfill to WTE plant in 2022 (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). This would lead to a reduction in the cost for disposing MSW in the City from $526 million to $408 million, a 23 percent drop in 2022 (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). The funary attack of two million tons of waste from landfills to WTE would not only save the city money but also reduce greenhouse gas emission (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012). Greenhouse gas emission due to this diversion is expected to d ecrease by 35 percent, which is equivalent to the reduction of carbon dioxide from 679,000 to 439,000 metric tons (Citizen Budget Commission, 2012).A Full detail on recommendations for the city regarding WTE can be found in section 4.4. of this report4.1.7. ConclusionThe use of WTE facilities has proven to be one of the best ways of managing MSW. WTE helps lower greenhouse gases and provides energy and material recovery. WTE also help reduce our reliance on fossil fuels for electricity, which leads to the reduction of greenhouse gas. WTE would also help increase the recycling rate of the city. Building WTE plant within NYC might be a problem due to the misconceptions surrounding WTE facilities. When people assure WTE, they think back to the old incinerators that were used in the 20th century in NYC. Therefore, it is essential for New York City to develop programs that would educate New Yorkers about the benefit of having WTE in the city and the differences between modern incinerat ors and the incinerators from 20th century. WTE has more benefits for the city than any effect it might have on the environment.ReferencesAn, J., Kim, J., Golestani, B., Tasneem, K. M., Al Muhit, B. A., Nam, B. H., Behzadan, A. H. (2014). Evaluating the use of waste-to-energy bottom ash as road construction materials. University of Central Florida Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering. Accessed December 8, 2016 http//www.fdot.gov/research/completed_proj/summary_smo/fdot-bdk78-977-20-rpt.pdfBernstein, F.A. (2004). Beauty in Garbage Naka Incinerator Plant by Yoshio Taniguchi. Arch News Now. Accessed November 26. 2016 http//www.archnewsnow.com/features/Feature152.htmChambers, T (2016). Interviewed by me. Facility manager of Covanta Huntington LP. Kings Park, NY.Citizens Budget Commission (2012). Taxes In, Garbage Out The pick up for Better Solid Waste Disposal Policies in New York City. Citizens Budget Commission New York. Accessed October 6, 2016 http//www .cbcny.org/sites/default/files/REPORT_SolidWaste_053312012.pdfCohen, C., Martinez, H., and Schroder, A. (2015). Waste Management Practices in New York City, Hong Kong and Beijing. Columbia University. Accessed October 5, 2016 http//www.columbia.edu/sc32/documents/ALEP%20Waste%20Managent%20FINAL.pdfDunlap, D.W. (1989). Panel Votes Bill to Ban Incinerators. New York Times. Accessed November 28, 2016 http//www.nytimes.com/1989/05/23/nyregion/panel-votes-bill-to-ban-incinerators.htmlEIA (2016). Energy in Brief How much U.S. electricity is generated from renewable energy. Energy cultivation Administration. Accessed December 6, 2016 https//www.eia.gov/energy_in_brief/article/renewable_electricity.cfmEPA (2016). Energy Recovery from Waste Air Emissions from MSW burning at the stake Facilities. Environmental Protection Agency. Accessed December 8, 2016 https//archive.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/web/html/airem.htmlHarden, B. (2008). Japan Stanches Stench of Mass Incinerators. Washing ton Post. Accessed November 28, 2016 http//www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2008/11/17/AR2008111702968.htmlLam, C. H., Ip, A. W., Barford, J. P., and McKay, G. (2010). Use of incineration MSW ash a review. Sustainability, 2(7), 1943-1968.Prez-Villarejo, L., Eliche-Quesada, D., Iglesias-Godino, F. J., Martnez-Garca, C., Corpas-Iglesias, F. A. (2012). Recycling of ash from biomass incinerator in clay matrix to produce ceramic bricks. Journal of environmental management, 95, S349-S354.Psomopoulos, C. S., Bourka, A., Themelis, N. J. (2009). Waste-to-energy A review of the status and benefits in USA. Waste management, 29(5), 1718-1724.Rizzo, C., Plum, M.K. (2012). Waste-to -Energy Facilities in New York City Challenges and Opportunities. Accessed October 2, 2016 http//www.clm.com/publication.cfm?ID=370Sylvan, D. (2011). Municipal Solid Waste in New York City An Economic and Environmental Analysis of Disposal Options. New York League of Conservation Voters Education Fund (N YLCVEF). Accessed October 6, 2016 http//nylcvef.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Solid-Waste-Background-Paper.pdfSzendro, B. (2015). New York City Makes Small Improvement in Recycling Rate Despite improvements, Department of Sanitation falls swindle of its goal. New York League of Conservation Voters (NYLCV). Accessed November 15, 2016 http//nylcv.org/news/new-york-city-makes-small-improvement-in-recycling-ratesWalsh, D. C., Chillrud, S. N., Simpson, H. J., Bopp, R. F. (2001). Refuse incinerator particulate emissions and combustion residues for New York City during the 20th century. Environmental science technology, 35(12), 2441-2447Walsh, D. C. (2002). Peer Reviewed The phylogeny of Refuse Incineration. Environmental science technology, 36(15), 316A-322A.WastedNYC (2015). History of Incineration in New York City. WastedNYC. Accessed November 28, 2016 https//wastednyc.wordpress.com/local-incineration/incinerators-in-inwood/

Sleep Deprivation in America Essay -- Health Medical

Sleep Deprivation in America seek indicates that Americas catch some Zs problems have increased and might be the number one health problem. The average amount of relief that mess get per night can surf anywhere from three to 12 hours. fit to Dr. David Dinges at the University of Pennsylvania, it is a fact that people who get fewer than six hours of sleep a night do not raging as long as people who get seven hours or more. Most people do not realize the importance of sleep or even realize that it is needed to survive. Many people engender sleep deprivation however it is commonly seen in college students. Irregular dormancy patterns tend to occur in students, which can later operate to long effects. Sleep deprivation can affect the normal and regular sleep patterns and cycles of many people. According to Lacks, Normal adults gradually move through a sequence of regularly alternating stages of sleep (17). Adults experience these different stage s because of their receive distinct patterns and behavioral activity. Sleep is divided into two categories non-rapid-eye-movement and rapid-eye-movement (Lacks 17). These stages of sleep range from the lightest sleep to the deepest sleep. This cycle is repeated over and over again age sleeping. These sleep stages are necessary to regulate the different states of wakefulness and sleep. According to Williams, Insomnia or difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep is almost character of everyones life (29). Insomnia is a result of sleep deprivation, which can lead to further effects such as stress and aging. Regular sleeping patterns can drastically change for someone who is experiencing sleep deprivation. Circadian rhyt... ... receptive to and the only way for a student to avoid it is to find an single way to motivate him or herself. Works CitedBethesda MD National impart of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Understandi ng Sleep. National Institutes of Health, 1998Giannotti, Flavia. Circadian Preference, Sleep and Daytime look in Adolescence. European Sleep Research Society (May 2002) 191-199.Lacks, Patricia. Behavioral handling for Persistent Insomnia. New York Permagon Press, 1987.Urban, Christopher. Sleep Deprivation Not Unusual For College Students. The tech .Write 3 Jun 1991. 5. 23 Oct 2002 .Williams, Robert L. M.D., Ismet Karacan, and Constance Moore, Sleep Disorders Diagnosis and Treatment. New York John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1988.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

A. Setting 1. Year 1940s2. Location Maycomb, aluminum3. Period of Time Three SummersB. Point of Veiw commencement PersonC. Begining usher, the main reference and narrorator of the storey, Jem, her brother, and Dill,their neighbor friend that visited every spend, love to act out stories they knew. Theydid all kinds of stories like Tarzan and Dracula. Signaling the end of summer and theabsence of Dill, the school year began. emissary started school, having a very gravelly first day. The days flying by, the school year passed quickly for Scout and Jem. Looking forward toseeing Dill again, they found the summer extravagant aproaching. Begining to play their game assoon as possible, they grew tired of performing out the same old stories, wanting to dosomething new and exciting. Jem came up with an idea, playing dame Radley. The storyof Boo Radley, the neighborhood weird guy, went as follows Boo going slightly crazy,stabbed his father in the leg with a pair of scissors. Being a sma ll town, everyone knew thestory but no one realy knew or understood what hapened. So they began to act out thestory of Boo Radley. Scout played Mrs. Radley, Jem-Boo Radley, and Dill played Mr.Radley. Making their scenes more than complex everyday, the three entertained themselves formost of the summer before genus Atticus caught them, forbidding them to play that game again.D. Two CharactersScout, the main character, is a tomboy. versed she can do anything her brother,Jem, can do she is confident and able to persist up for herself. She never let anybody pushher around, for instance, when Walter Cunninghum, refusing to take the money from loseCaroline, accidentally got her in trouble she beat him up. The other main character is Jem.Wanting to get Boo Radley to come out, he goes to all kinds of lengths to acheive hisgoal. resembling losing his pants over the fence trying to sneak over to Boos house.E. SummarizationAtticus took on a case for a moody man accused of raping a white woman. The casedid not go well and Atticuss family went th scratchy some rough times because of the case.Atticuss sister Alexandria came to stay with them during the case and Scout developed astrong dislike for her. The jury decided the black man was guilty and Jem nad Scout tookit hard. Dressed for her part in the school play, Scout and Jam are attacked on their way

Editha :: essays research papers

EdithaIn the origination Editha is war hungry. She wants her democracy to go to war, and she wants George to go and fight. Even though the antecedent doesnt give the age of Editha, I believe she acts very childish, and immature. I understand loving your country and wanting to fight for it, but unmatched must also realize the danger that comes along with it. She is obsessed with her country and fighting for it. She puts an ultimatum on George. He is unsure of the war, and unsure of fighting in it, but she constantly pushes him to go. She even evolves graven image in it. Saying God meant it to be war? (273). She is speaking of it, as if it was a Holy struggle?. This is not the case, and George does not buy into it, but she keeps pushing him. The ultimatum comes when he says Ill come back to supper, if youll let me. Perhaps I shall bring you a convert? (272). She replies with Well, you may come back, on that condition? (272). She is putting if, and sole(prenominal) if? requireme nts on his return to her.Once he leaves, she gets more de art objectding, and writes him a garner explaining that if he doesnt make the right (or her) decision, then the engagement willing be off. Her love of country is more important than the love of her man There is no honor above America with me. In this undischarged hour there is no other honor? (273). Editha is very go by in this train of thought, she can see no other way, and no other options but to fight. If George does not fight, then she cannot marry him. She is forcing her morals, and ideals down his throat, and he does not return a chance to stand up for his own. Editha claims, She could not accept for her country or herself a forced sacrifice? (273). stock-still this is exactly what she is doing. These few rational insights lead me to believe that Editha suffers from some mannequin of mental instability. She claims not to want a forced sacrifice, yet this is what she does, and when a rational insight crosses her m ind, she recognizes it, yet she dismisses it as fast as it came to her. I feel that she guilts George into going to war, and is very proud to have done so, when she learns of his decision.

Comparing Romanticism in Plymouth Plantation, Birthmark, and Rappaccini

Puritanism and Romanticism discord in style, religious references, and fleck content. Puritanism began to flourish with strict God-fearing Calvinists who had fled to America to escape religious persecution in Europe. With writers such as William Bradford and Edward Taylor, Puritan literary works focuses on Gods role in the lives of the people and adopts a simple religious style of writing. Romanticism was introduced to Americans in the nineteenth century, delivering a fresh literary and artistic style. This new books pays more attention to the elements of tone, mood, and atmosphere, while also applying religion in the ricochet of transcendentalism. These devil types of literature are similar in the respect that they twain encourage living simply.Puritan writers were concerned more with the message the literature portrayed than with form and dramatic elements. Poetry was used to educated its reader, and was scripted using simple rhythm and common images (Heimert 34). Puritan l iterature was limpid in style. Much attention focused on Gods will in the new world, mans relation to God, the nature of faith, and the history of refreshed England. We can rule these elements in the writings of William Bradford, the Governor of the Plymouth colony. Of Plymouth Plantation is considered to be New Englands eldest literary achievement. It is an historical account of the journey to the new world, and the hardships encountered upon arrival (Fritscher 81). This metrical composition was written to preserve both the record and the fact of Plymouths separate identity (Heimert 51). Bradfords objective was to preach Gods purpose in the founding of the Plymouth colony.Of Plymouth Plantation has two major themes how Plymouth had failed the original goal of e... ...uestioning of reason and nature separated him from the Puritans. but both Romanticism and Puritanism are similar with their respect for simplicity, while they differ in many other ways. Works Cited Boewe, Charl es. Rappaccinis Garden. American Literature. Bloomington Indiana UP, 1959.Fritscher, John. The sensitiveness and Conscious Style of Willaim Bradford. Bucknell Review. 1969.Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown and Other Short Stories. New York Dover Publications, INC. 1992.Heimer, Alan. The Puritans in America A Narrative Anthology. Cambridge Harvard University Press, 1985.Leone, Bruno, ed. Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne. San Diego Greenhave Press, 1996.McPherson, Hugo. Hawthorne as a Myth-Maker A Study in the Imagination. Toronto University of Toronto Press, 1989.Morison, Samuel. Of Plymouth Plantation. New York, Knopf, 1952.

Joke :: essays research papers

diet QUIZIf you answer "yes" to eight or to a greater extent of these questions, you may want to film restricting your future calorie intake* Has your neighborhood grocery submit ever offered to send for you with a limo?* After recounting lunch at a fast-food drive-through window, has it ever been delivered to your car on a fall bulge out truck?* Within the last month, be possessed of you burned out more than two refrigerator bulbs?* Do people often decide to arrive you up on the next elevator?* Has your fork ever all at once come up missing?* Have you ever broken out in a cold sweat when you realized you were more than a mile from the nearest Taco Bell?* Is there a restraining order against you from the Association of All-You-Can-Eat Restaurants?* On a recent Caribbean cruise, did the captain order you to hang on in the center of the ship?* Do your picnics in the country pick up renting a U-Haul?* Does the left side of your car seem to bottom(a) out a lot?* Do es your street always seem to have more potholes than other streets?------------------------------------------------------------ FREE ** Business Cards ** FREE fate to pretend your an astronaut or a CEO of a major company? or do you have a real hypothecate? Get 250 full color cards at a pass judgment of $80.00 to $120.00 absolutely FREE http//mailbits.net/ad/bcard.asp-------------------------------------------------------------Quick WitLegend has it that President Calvin Coolidge once entertained some friends from the country in the White House. His friends were concerned that they showing proper table manners to win the Presidents respect, so they observed Coolidge truly carefully and followed his example in detail.The meal passed smoothly, then coffee was served.

The History of Rap Music :: Rap Music Jamaican Culture Essays

The History of Rap MusicRap music originated as a cross-cultural product. Most of its important early practitioners-including KoolHerc, D.J. Hollywood, and Afrika Bambaataa-were either firstly- or second-generation Americans ofCaribbean ancestry. Herc and Hollywood are both credited with introducing the Jamaican style of lancinateand mixing into the musical culture of the South Bronx. By most accounts Herc was the first DJ to buy twocopies of the same record for just a 15-second break (rhythmic instrumental segment) in the middle. Bymixing back and onwards between the two copies he was able to double, triple, or indefinitely persuade thebreak. In so doing, Herc effectively deconstructed and reconstructed so-called found sound, victimisation theturntable as a musical instrument. While he was shift with two turntables, Herc would also perform with the microphone in Jamaican crisp style-joking, boasting, and using myriad in-group references. Hercs musical parties eventuallygained notoriety and were often authenticated on cassette tapes that were recorded with the relatively newboombox, or blaster, technology. Taped duplicates of these parties promptly made their way through theBronx, Brooklyn, and uptown Manhattan, spawning a minute of comparable DJ acts. Among the new breed ofDJs was Afrika Bambaataa, the first important Black Moslem in pat. (The Muslim presence would becomevery influential in the late 1980s.) Bambaataa often engaged in sound-system battles with Herc, similar tothe so-called harsh contests in jazz a generation earlier. The sound system competitions were held atcity parks, where hot-wired street lamps supplied electricity, or at local clubs. Bambaataa sometimes sundry(a) sounds from rock-music recordings and television shows into the standard funk and disco fare thatHerc and most of his pursual relied upon. By using rock records, Bambaataa extended rap beyond thestraightaway reference points of contemporary black youth culture. By th e 1990s both sound source wasconsidered fair game and rap artists borrowed sounds from such disparate sources as Israeli folk music,bebop jazz records, and television intelligence activity broadcasts. In 1976 Grandmaster Flash introduced the technique In 1979 the first two rap records appeared KingTim III (Personality Jock), recorded by the Fatback Band, and Rappers Delight, by Sugarhill Gang. A serial of verses recited by the three members of Sugarhill Gang, Rappers Delight became a nationalhit, reaching number 36 on the Billboard magazine popular music charts. The talk content, mostlybraggadocio spiced with fantasy, was derived largely from a pool of material utilise by most of the earlierrappers. The backing track for Rappers Delight was supplied by hired studio musicians, who replicated

Euthanasia should not be legalized in America :: Free Euthanasia Essay

Euthanasia refers to the intentional livery about of the death of a patient, either by killing him/her, or by letting him/her die, for the patients sake to prevent promote pain or suffering from a terminal illness. Euthanasia is a complex issue in m each underlying theological, sociological, moral, and legal aspects. Its legalisation is heavily contestationd around the world, with strong arguments made for both sides of the issue. The supporters of mercy killing often repeated that We have to respect the freedom of the patient" or stack should be able to exercise control over their own lives and death. However, Euthanasia, by nature, is wrongfully killing or mercy killing, and if we allow any type of euthanasia, all sorts of negative affects might follow, and our commitment to improve the lives of the terminally ill might be weakened. In essence, nothing is worse than our proper(a) to life itself being diminished in value from the theological perspective. The debate of le galizing euthanasia is not about the right to commit suicide or to assist in suicide. It is about placing the lives of the weakest among us in the hands of mint other than themselves who often have self-serving agendas. Once society gives a group of people the right to end life, our right to life disappears cornerstone red tape. The principle of the sanctity of man life is a native ethical norm and the value of life is not negotiable. Therefore, a fairish prudent person should not accept the practice allowing their lives be interpreted away by others. Secondly, from the sociological perspective, euthanasia is the tragedy arises from pressure exerted by a materialistic, self-centered society which increasingly embraces the notion of throwing away human beings. There are people who would allow physicians to kill their parents and grandparents once they vacate to function as providers of lifes necessities and opportunities. After many geezerhood of service, mom and dad, granny and grandpa are treated like dogs, they are sent to the hospital to be injected with a lethal overdose of drugs. Supporters of euthanasia lie to themselves and others by saying that they want to end suffering. Their true motif is to get rid of those who become a problem, so they can admire their lives with more time and money. Thirdly, from the medical morality perspective, euthanasia is assisting suicide that violates the ethical motive and values of the medical world.

Gay Marriage Should be Legalized Essay -- Legal Issues, Gay Marriage

on that point ar numerous opinions and rest views on cheery uniting ceremony. The argument regarding gay conglutination ceremony should be legalized or not is extremely controversial. According to an phrase from the Hu firearm Rights Campaign, thither is zilch wrong with allowing homosexuals to arouse the same rights as those who atomic number 18 heterosexual. Every one-on-one person should be allow mate rights, regardless of sexuality. animated marriage should be legalized in all states and countries, it has been held take away for too long. Moreover, there are several reasons why homosexuals feel strongly roughly complimentsing to be lawfully married. One reason that is about comm lonesome(prenominal) heard is, they compulsion to legally show their experience for each(prenominal) separate by having a marriage license. Homosexuals involve the right to adopt like anybody else, and for the same reasons too. They are in have a go at it and want to expend t heir lives with this person. Even though it is doable to do this without being married they want to honor their relationship in the greatest way our society has to poke out (90). There be no reason devil community cannot sweep up despite their sexuality. If a musical composition and adult female get to tie because they love each other, what is the difference surrounded by a man and a man or a woman and a woman wanting to wed because, they love each other? Also, another cause why homosexuals want the right to marry their first mate is because they are being cheated of rights. Although, two people love each other, if they cannot marry they are losing rights. Marriage gives twain spouses benefits, same-sex matchs in long-term, committed relationships pay higher(prenominal) taxes and are denied basic protection and rights granted to married heterosexual couples (90). It is cheating(prenominal) to couples of the same-sex to lose rights based on sexuality. They are... ...an (97). virtually people have lived by this mind set of what a marriage is, further not any thing only has one outlook. A marriage is ultimately two people that are serious and love each other, gender takes no place when a person genuinely takes time to think about what a marriage actually is. Regardless, there is always going to be two views on gay marriage it is up to each singular to decide which view they agree with. Gay marriage should be legally recognized, what is so right about a heterosexual marriage compared to homosexuals? They both start with the letter H, the only difference is the genders. Nobody should have the right to determine what is considered right, marriage makes a couple officially together it does not affect anybody but them. Labels should not define love, and by not allowing same gender couple the right to marry is unsportsmanlike and wrong. Gay Marriage Should be Legalized taste -- Legal Issues, Gay MarriageThere are numerous opin ions and standing views on gay marriage. The argument regarding gay marriage should be legalized or not is extremely controversial. According to an article from the Human Rights Campaign, there is nothing wrong with allowing homosexuals to have the same rights as those who are heterosexual. Every individual person should be granted equal rights, regardless of sexuality. Gay marriage should be legalized in all states and countries, it has been held off for too long. Moreover, there are several reasons why homosexuals feel strongly about wanting to be legally married. One reason that is most commonly heard is, they want to legally show their love for each other by having a marriage license. Homosexuals want the right to marry like anybody else, and for the same reasons too. They are in love and want to spend their lives with this person. Even though it is possible to do this without being married they want to honor their relationship in the greatest way our society has to offer (90). There be no reason two people cannot marry despite their sexuality. If a man and woman get to marry because they love each other, what is the difference between a man and a man or a woman and a woman wanting to marry because, they love each other? Also, another cause why homosexuals want the right to marry their spouse is because they are being cheated of rights. Although, two people love each other, if they cannot marry they are losing rights. Marriage gives both spouses benefits, same-sex couples in long-term, committed relationships pay higher taxes and are denied basic protection and rights granted to married heterosexual couples (90). It is unfair to couples of the same-sex to lose rights based on sexuality. They are... ...an (97). Some people have lived by this mind set of what a marriage is, but not every thing only has one outlook. A marriage is ultimately two people that are serious and love each other, gender takes no place when a person really takes time to think about w hat a marriage actually is. Regardless, there is always going to be two views on gay marriage it is up to each individual to decide which view they agree with. Gay marriage should be legally recognized, what is so right about a heterosexual marriage compared to homosexuals? They both start with the letter H, the only difference is the genders. Nobody should have the right to determine what is considered right, marriage makes a couple officially together it does not affect anybody but them. Labels should not define love, and by not allowing same gender couple the right to marry is unfair and wrong.

We Need Stronger Child Support Laws Essay -- Argumentative, Persuasive

The step of child stick out cases in arrears would decline if a few things were changed, hopefully providing incentives to pay child meet on time and regularly. there argon likewise harsher consequences that could be carried out to prevent future mistakes. in that location are things being do, but is it enough? As it stands the noncustodial parent git face loss of visitation, probation, and even jail time for none defrayment of child support. By non enforcing philander reproducible child support and making examples out of those who are not in compliance, we are send out a message that child support is more of an natural selection than a legal obligation. Think about the ones who are really miserable here, the children involved. There are many low-income families who are not receiving court ordered child support simply because they cannot afford the legal representation and court costs to fight for what they are legally entitled to. What should be done to start helping in these cases? The Office of the Attorney General youngster Support Division is set up to help parents locate non-custodial parents who bemuse not paid their child support. This is a free service they also help provide the custodial parent with randomness regarding government programs including Medicaid, TANIF, nutrient Stamps, and WIC. They can help you get health insurance if the non-custodial parent is not covering those expenses. The government help is easy to obtain only requiring information that would be easily obtained like proof of income, household members, SSN, expenses, and other force play information. Once you have filed a case with them they will send paperwork to reside out, this will consist of the noncustodial parents full legal name, live on known address, last known telephone number,... ...e best interest of their children. Its not the amount of child support that is being paid that is important while you are doing the best you can for your children and s upporting them the best way you can. Enforcing child support and having greater punishments are not just to make the nonpaying parents lives more demanding but to ensure a better life for their children. Works Cited(Texas kid Support Enforcement Resource Center, 2011) Retrieved from http//www.supportcollectors.com/resources_texas.phpstats(Huffington Post UK, 2011) Retrieved from http//www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2011/09/02/child-support-dodgers-mos_n_946102.htmls348352&title=Ive_Become_A(Texas child support parade data presents varied picture, 2010) Retrieved from http//www.txcn.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/texassouthwest/legislature/stories/080310dntexnuchild.2b72be0.html

Russel Edsons Counting Sheep :: Edson Counting Sheep Essays

Russel Edsons Counting Sheep   afterward British scientists had cloned a sheep called Dolly, people were asking them why they had done it and they express because they could do it. Last week it was anounced that the human genome had been decrypted. Although everybody agrees that this is a blessing for mankind, galore(postnominal) people are worried close what scientists might do with their in the altogether toy, again, just because they are able to do it. Long before anybody level(p) thought rough cloning sheep, Russel Edson had them shrinked. His poem Counting Sheep is a perspicacious approach to the question of use and misuse of science.   The ability to shrink press certainly stands for a technically very advanced culture, in which scientists must have almost god-like powers. But after shrinking the sheep, this scientist wonders what he should do with them. In a expression, he resembles a child and the innocent halo of the poem contributes to this impression. He falls asleep counting sheep. Like in Goethes The Magicians Apprentice, the creation overcomes its creator. However, when the scientist thinks of possible uses for his invention, he thinks about a shade for rice, a sort of wooly rice, but never about shrinking hostile armies and crushing them with the tip of a finger. Edson makes him look so naive, that we almost forget that we are dealing with a very just issue. Even when the scientist rubs the sheep to a red paste between his fingers, he doesnt do it on purpose but seems more like a motherfucker in a china shop. What if it were not sheep but apes or even up humans? He definately has the power to do that. We are reminded of the scientists who discovered nuclear power. It had never occured to them that someone might use it to build the worst end of the world weapon ever. By describing the minimum credible accident, Edson makes us think about the maximum credible accident.   Like The Death of an Ang el, Darwin Descending and The locomote, Counting Sheep is partly a parody on our modern societys stance towards science and technical advancement, which has almost assumed religious features. Edson comments on the way we treat our scientists like half-gods and on our blind believe in their ostensibly unlimited powers.