An Analysis of Jamacian Fragment Essay - 1044 Words

Rhetorical Analysis of Jamacian Fragment by Al Hendricks. The Jamaican Fragment is a story about a man, who during his regular walk to and from work encounters an irregularity he views as an act of inferiority. We can assume that the Jamaican Fragment is a real life experience, rather than a piece of fiction due to first person writing style. In the first paragraph the author uses visual imagery by describing the colors of the houses as well as the bungalow style house, which presents as the setting. We can start to conclude that the author is ethnic himself or very familiar with differentiating ethnic characteristics. In psychology we learn that the race we are born of, makes us better able to distinguish features and characteristics†¦show more content†¦Hendricks’ style of the essay is very important in terms of what he wants the reader to experience and how he wants them to experience the story. Words that I would use to describe the tone would be casual, curious and ironic. The author uses everyday language to create th e casual tone such as â€Å"The other little fellow was smaller, but also sturdy – he was white, with hazel eyes and light-brown hair.† (362) This casual tone permits everyone to read this essay; there is no prejudice against an educated or uneducated audience. The sentence structure used is also simple and casual. â€Å"For a whole day I puzzled over this problem.†(363) This excerpt from Jamaican Fragment is an excellent example of the curious tone that utilizes in this essay. He is taking the reader on a journey of self-discovery. The reader is also curious as to the game the children play, could it really be a game of inferiority? There is also a strong sense of irony throughout the entire essay, it is my belief that the author uses an ironic tone to further his argument around prejudice enable the reader to learn a moral lesson. â€Å"The exercise is good for me and now and then I learn something from a little incident†(362), is an example of Hendricks’ using foreshadowing as a literary technique. We know that he is going to learn something and we know by the end of the essay that â€Å"little† is very much an understatement.

A Brief Note On Media Intervention And Advertising

CHAPTER 3 Media Intervention Advertising 3.1 INTRODUCTION The key concept of marketing is customer communication. How we tell the customer about our product, its features, uniqueness we offer, on the whole, how we communicate the value to customer. Connecting with consumers is achieved via various means: ââ€"  Direct Contact: Door to door marketing ââ€"  Mass Marketing: o Posters/ Fliers/ Boarding’s/ Hoardings o Media: ââ€" ª Print Media (Newspapers, Magazines) ââ€" ª Television, Video Advertisements etc. ââ€" ª Internet Social Media Coming to our product of apparels, historically there was no evidence of advertising. As clothing was a basic necessity, a required presence of weavers, word of mouth was the only way people came to know about various weavers, the good ones, with quality etc. There was long spread word about different varieties of textile woven at different places, like Chanderi Silk, Kancheevaram Silk, Bengal Cotton, Pochempalli Style etc. The uniqueness of the product was its attraction that spread throughout the country. There was also a period where the weavers/ manufacturers were different from those who sold it. There were small scale shops based on just one city villages around. The retailers had share of profits they took care of advertising themselves via door to door publicity, announcing in streets about a new shop opening, the variety of clothes they offer, new designs, prices etc. Small posters limited to the town would also be used. There was also anotherShow MoreRelatedCommon Dietetic Strategy For Reducing Energy Intake1447 Words   |  6 Pagesparticipants who were enrolled in a 12-month weight loss trial, the Smart Study. The Smart Study was conducted from 2008-2010 in Australia by researchers at the University of Wollongong. Participants in the Smart Study were locally recruited through media advertising. After withdrawals, a total of 86 participants were included in the present analysis. The majority of participants were female (n=63). The mean age for the entire sample was 45.2, t he mean weight was 88.5 kg, and the mean BMI was 31.1. 4. HowRead MoreUse and Abuse of Media7426 Words   |  30 PagesAt the Intersection of Health, Health Care and Policy Cite this article as: W DeJong and J A Winsten The use of mass media in substance abuse prevention Health Affairs, 9, no.2 (1990):30-46 doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.9.2.30 The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is available at: http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/9/2/30.citati on For Reprints, Links Permissions: http://healthaffairs.org/1340_reprint s.php E-mail Alerts : http://content.healthaffairsRead MoreEssay on Eating Disorders and the Media6828 Words   |  28 PagesEating Disorders and the Media Doctors annually diagnose millions of Americans with eating disorders. Of those diagnosed, ninety percent are women. Most of these women have one of the two most common types of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (National Council on Eating Disorders, 2004). 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Farm Best free essay sample

The companies were competing each other as a result to become a leader and be a majority in share capital market. All companies want show their great performance in all perspective such as operation, administration, marketing and the almost important thing in company is finance. Role of financial management are very important to make sure the effectiveness and successfully in organization of company were achieve. As a financial manger, they must know the level or the measurement of Performance Company so that they can survive within ample capital. So, financial analysis or financial ratio were needed to calculate, measure and analysis all data of finance. This is important because of confidence of outside party such as investor to invest their money as capital into company. Other party like employee that they look the ability to pay their salary, supplier look the ability of company to pay the debt, and bank. The term of solvency, stock management, leverage, profitability play important role in financial analysis of company. We will write a custom essay sample on Farm Best or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In conclusion, financial ratio was important to measure to performance of company. Good condition performance of finance indicates the effectiveness of management in manage the financial in company. The investor maybe likes to contribute their company to run a business. 2. 0HISTORY AND INFORMATION BACKGROUND OF COMPANY 2. 1Farm’s Best Food Background Before Farm Best Food immortalize Farm’s Best Food Industries Sdn Bhd name, this company also known as Iklim Sinar Sdn Bhd at 1994 and converted to a public company on 21 Jun 1994. Then, known as Sinmah Resources Bhd on December 1994 and one year later, it is subsequently was admitted to the official List of Bursa Malaysia Securities Bhd until 2005 of July and changed the company name to it is present name of Farm’s Best Berhad ( FBB ) with the trademark â€Å"Farm’s Bestâ€Å". This company founded by Mr. Fong Chee Hong over thirty years ago. Since it grown into one of the largest integrated poultry producers in Malaysia, FBB currently helmed by among others the four sons. After listing on the Second Board of the BMSB at 1995, it is have expanded to the entire spectrum of the poultry industry and categorized into any manufacture, that was manufacture and wholesale of poultry and further processed poultry feeds, manufactured of processed poultry and further processed poultry, poultry breeding and hatchery operation and also in broiler contract farming. Besides that, FBB also an investment holding company and involved in many business. For exampl e, manufacture and sale of compound poultry feeds, production and sale of broiler day old Chicks (â€Å"POC†) from its parent stock and hatchery operation, also in marketing of live and broilers and chicken product, both in the domestic and the Singapore market. . 2Kawan Food Background KAWAN is principally engaged in investment holding, whilst the principal activities of its subsidiaries are manufacturing, sale and distributing of frozen food products. Full name for kawan food is Kawan Food Berhad. The Headquarters for this company is at Lot 20 Jalan Pengapit 15/19; Shah Alam; Selangor Darul Ehsan; 40200. Legal Form for Kawan Food Berhad is Public Limited Company. Kawan Food Berhad has been open on January 21, 2004. There have 173 Total Employees at Kawan Food Berhad. Kawan Food Manufacturing Sdn Bhd is located in Shah Alam, Malaysia. Company is working in Food retailers, Food products, manufacturing business activities The company’s origins date back to the 1970’s with supplying traditional and homemade pastry products to local groceries and supermarkets. kawan food begun to export their products in mid 1980’s, while gaining a steady lead in the local market. In 2000, their established a new manufacturing facility, and have continued to invest heavily in their employees and the latest technology. They are proud to be the world’s first manufacturer of frozen roti parathas, which together with their other products, have paved the way for a completely new segment of consumer goods that are now enjoyed by consumers around the world. Since the 70’s, kawan food have been offering their customers the freshest food choices with their mind boggling array of favorite foods. Their wide range of food products meets the stringent quality requirements set by international food safety regulations amp; the food service industry. From specialty foods to local and international favorites, their products have been designed for maximum freshness and efficiency with minimal preparation times and convenient storage methods. 3. 0CATEGORIES OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE RATIO Many types of financial performance ratio were listed in to calculate for each data of financial. This is including four categories means: 1) Short Term Solvency or Liquidity Ratio 2) Asset Management or Turnover 3) Profitability ratio 4) Market book value ratio 4. 0 INTRODUCTION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT BOTH OF COMPANY In this assignment, we choose two listed company in same categories which is Farm Best Berhad and Kawan Food Berhad. Both companies were listed in Bursa Saham Malaysia. Calculating the financial performance base on statement ending the year 2010 (refer appendix). All calculating of ratio will explain detail in next sub chapter 4. 1Short Term Solvency or Liquidity Ratio Liquidity is a firm’s ability to pay its bills on time. Liquidity is related to the ease and quickness with which firm can convert its noncash assets into cash, as well as the size of the firm investment in noncash assets relative to its short term liabilities. . 1. 1Current ratio A firm’s current assets divided by its current liabilities Current ratio =| Current assets| | Current liabilities| Farm Best Berhad Current Ratio =| RM 241,932,000| | RM219,787,000| | = 0. 91| Kawan Food Berhad Current Ratio = | RM50,361,129| | RM17, 509,236| | = 2. 8| Explanation: This ratio indicates how much ringgit current a ssets of company has to pay one ringgit current liabilities. The data shown kawan food Berhad has RM2. 8 of assets for 1 ringgit liabilities while Farm Best Berhad has RM0. 91 of assets for 1 ringgit liabilities. 4. 1. 2Quick ratio (acid test ratio) A firm’s cash and account receivable divided by its current liabilities Quick ratio =| Current assets inventories| | Current liabilities| Farm Best Berhad Quick ratio =| RM219,787,000–RM15,790,000| | RM241, 932,000| =| 0. 84| Kawan Food Berhad Quick ratio = | RM50,361,129– RM5,530,480| | RM17, 509,236| =| 2. 5| Explanation: Quick ratio (acid test-ratio) indicates how much ringgit of current assets in company to pay one ringgit of current liabilities excludes inventories. Data shown Kawan Food Berhad has RM2. 50 current assets (exclude inventories) to pay one ringgit of current liabilities. Farm Best Berhad only RM0. 84 current assets to pay one ringgit current liabilities. 4. 1. 3Cash ratio A firm’s cash divided by its current liabilities Cash ratio = | Cash| | Current liabilities| Farm Best Berhad Cash ratio =| RM15,827,000| | RM241, 932,000| | = 0. 06| Kawan Food Berhad Cash ratio =| RM23,034,299| | RM17, 509,236| | =1. 32| Explanation: cash ratio is measure the liquidity of company by calculate its cash only. Kawan food Berhad only RM1. 32 cash to pay one Ringgit of current liabilities while Farm Best Berhad only RM0. 06 of cash to pay one ringgit of current liabilities. 4. Asset Management or Turnover * As the second angle for measuring liquidity examines the quality of a firm’s accounts receivable and inventories in terms of the firm’s ability to convert these assets into cash on a timely basis. 4. 2. 1Inventory turnover * A firm’s cost good sold divided by its inventory Inventory turnover =| Cost of goods sold| | inventory| Farm Best B erhad Inventory turnover =| RM282,124,000| | RM15, 790,000| =| 17. 87 times| Kawan Food Berhad Inventory turnover=| RM51,742,253| | RM5, 530,480| =| 9. 36 times| Explanation: Inventory turnover is measure the ability of company to manage stock. How much the stock will be turn over during a period? Kawan Food Berhad has 9. 36 times to turn over the stock/inventory in a year. Farm Best Berhad has 17. 87 times to turn over the stock/inventory during a year. 4. 2. 2Day’s sales in inventory * A firm’s cost good sold divided by its inventory per day day sales in inventory=| 365(one year)| | Inventory turnover| Farm Best Berhad day sales in inventory=| 365| | 17. 87| =| 20. 43 Days| Kawan Food Berhad day sales in inventory=| 365| | 9. 36| =| 39 Days| Explanation: Day’s sale inventory is Measure how long inventory/stock was finished out for each time in a year.

To build a fire free essay sample

The Principle of Surviving The term surviving means different things to different people. The definition of surviving means to remain healthy, happy, and unaffected In spite of an occurrence or struggle. In the story To Build a Fire by Jack London, the mall character Is seen as a survivor; or a person who Is unaffected by an endeavor. He has the skirmish with nature In this story, and he loses that battle. He doesnt meet his objective of reaching the cabin In Henderson Creek where he has the conception of meeting the boys and having dinner.In class we have been discussing the subject of survival, and we read some tips on surviving out In the wilderness or Just surviving anywhere. They include: Perceive and Believe, which means look, see. And believe. If some thing goes sour, look for the positives. Staying calm, which means using fear for focus. Use the fear inside to make you strive to complete a goal. We will write a custom essay sample on To build a fire or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Think/ analyze/plan, which means stay organized, and make the big, scary goal into small, manageable tasks that you can complete. Take correct and decisive actions, which means being adventurous yet cautious and wise at the same time.Celebrate you successes, and take joy in completing those tasks that you once thought were unconquerable. Count your blessing, and be grateful you are alive! Play, meaning do math in your head, play mental games, and things like that that will keep your mind sharp and focused. See the Beauty in things; nature is beautiful, and in times where situations can be daunting, look up at the sky, look around at the trees, just bask in the beauty of life itself. Believe that you will Succeed; keep positive thoughts in your adventures and struggles in life.Believing that you will succeed will make succeeding even more glorifying than not believing in yourself and failing to complete your task, because even if you fail, youll still know that you tried your hardest. Surrender, and put away the fears that you have and the pain you feel. When you give Into pain and give Into fear, you automatically lose, because no matter how hard you try, you cant get the weight of the pains ad the fears off of your shoulders; letting go will make you forget about them so they cannot weigh you down anymore. Do whatever Is necessary, and take actions you wouldnt take In other situations.Always keep an pen mind when you are struggling to survive. And never give up. Once you know that the task Is compellable, complete It. Dont focus on the path that you are taking, focus on the destination you are trying to reach. The fact of the matter Is that the mall character In To Build a Fire Isnt a survivor. He does some of these tips noted above, and he did do some things right, but more wrong. Much more wrong than right. He did follow the tips of staying focused, surrendering to pain, and doing whatever is necessary. If he had followed the rest of the rules, his journey would eave been more successful.He should have just kept his head up, stayed calm, and carried on: and we would have been just fine. To build a fire By Cookbooks of surviving means to remain healthy, happy, and unaffected in spite of an occurrence or struggle. In the story To Build a Fire by Jack London, the main character is seen as a survivor; or a person who is unaffected by an endeavor. He has the skirmish with nature in this story, and he loses that battle. He doesnt meet his objective of reaching the cabin in Henderson Creek where he has the conception of object of survival, and we read some tips on surviving out in the wilderness or Just surviving anywhere.They include: Perceive and Believe, which means look, see, and using fear for focus. Use the fear inside to make you strive to complete a goal. Think/ successes, and take Joy in completing those tasks that you once thought were situations can be daunting, look up at the sky, look around at the trees, Just bask in put away the fears that you have and the pain you feel. When you give into pain and give into fear, you automatically lose, because no matter how hard you try, you cant roger about them so they cannot weigh you down anymore.Do whatever is necessary, and take actions you wouldnt take in other situations. Always keep an that the task is compellable, complete it. Dont focus on the path that you are taking, The fact of the matter is that the main character in To Build a Fire isnt a survivor. He does some of these tips whatever is necessary. If he had followed the rest of the rules, his Journey would have been more successful. He should have Just kept his head up, stayed calm, and carried on; and we would have been Just fine. To Build a Fire free essay sample â€Å"To Build a Fire† and its Imagery One of the tools many authors use in writing is imagery. Imagery is a concrete representation of a sense impression, a feeling, or an idea which appeals to one or more of our senses. There are five types of imagery implemented in literature which appeal to each of our five senses: touch, hearing, smell, sight, and taste. They are termed tactile imagery, aural imagery, olfactory imagery, visual imagery, and gustatory imagery. In Jack London’s short story â€Å"To Build a Fire†, he uses imagery to support the point of the story.The point of â€Å"To Build a Fire† is man’s naive notion that he is strong enough to overcome nature’s harshest obstacles. The protagonist, referred to as the â€Å"man†, must survive in the freezing weather of the Yukon. The man believes it is approximately fifty degrees below zero and that he will be able to make the treacherous journey to meet his friends whom are refers to as the â€Å"boys†. We will write a custom essay sample on To Build a Fire or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The severity of the weather is illustrated in the story by the quote, â€Å"As he turned to go on, he spat speculatively. There was a sharp, explosive crackle that startled him. He spat again.And again, in the air, before it could fall to the snow, the spittle crackled. † This quote is an example of aural imagery. It allows the reader to imagine the sound of the man’s spit freezing in mid-air before it even hits the ground. One could imagine the reverberating echo of the man’s spit in the vast wasteland of snow, bringing to the imagination how cold it really is. The narrator brings into the picture using authorial intrusion that the protagonist now realizes that it must be more than fifty below zero since that is the temperature at which spit crackles on the snow and his spit crackled in the air.The man knows that it must be at least seventy degrees below zero. The quote, â€Å"He smiled agreeably to himself as he thought of those biscuits, each cut open and sopped in bacon grease, and each enclosing a generous slice of bacon. † is an example of gustatory imagery. By implementing this statement, London has made it to where the reader can not only picture the biscuits the man has brought for his lunch but, even almost taste the bacon grease soaked biscuits. He must keep his lunch inside of his cloths, close to his skin, to keep it from freezing solid. As the man thinks about is biscuits, imagining what they will taste like, it allows to the reader to understand the arrogance of the man. He has gone into the Yukon in sub-zero weather with nothing more than his cloths that he is wearing, lunch, and a dog. Another undertaking the protagonist must overcome set forth by nature is navigating whilst remaining aware of snow-hidden ice-skins. To Build A Fire free essay sample Identity two flashbacks in the story. For each flashback, identify its purpose. What is the main conflict in the story? Defend with examples from the plot. 1) All good short story introductions serve several purposes.  In Jack London’s â€Å"To Build A Fire†, a story about a man who is alone on a journey through to forest in -50 degree weather, the introduction does a great job at briefly introducing the story’s main character, setting, and tone and engaging the reader. It does so by presenting the main character, the man, in the first sentence with â€Å"†¦when the man turned†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , and the same for the setting and tone. Jack London writes about the main characters surroundings, saying that it is â€Å"cold and gray† and that the man is on â€Å"the main Yukon trail† in â€Å"subtle gloom†, setting the tone. Also, he engages the reader by using time as a so-called â€Å"carrot on a stick†. We will write a custom essay sample on To Build A Fire or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He wisely writes â€Å"he knew that a few more days must pass before the cheerful orb, due south, would peep above the sky† so the reader, being human and wanting the good protagonist to succeed, would keep reading to find out if he does so or not. He does all this briefly, in a paragraph of eight sentences, therefor not tempting the reader to stop reading. In conclusion, the introduction in Jack London’s â€Å"To Build A Fire† is very successful in introducing the key elements to a short story. The main character, setting, tone, and engagement of the reader are all presented very well and expertly. In â€Å"To Build A Fire† by Jack London, foreshowing is frequently used. For example, in the second paragraph, London writes, â€Å"North and south, as far as his eye could see, it was unbroken white†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This example shows that the man is no were near civilization, and that he must fend for himself. Another example, making the reader pick up an idea of how the short story might end, is in the third paragraph when the author writes â€Å"†¦the absence of sun from the sky, the tremendous cold, and the strangeness and weirdness of it all – made no impression on the man. It was not because he was long used to it. He was a newcomer in the land, a chechaquo, and this was his first winter. †. This foreshadow tells the reader that there is a conflict, man vs. nature, to follow. A third foreshadow strategically written by Jack further engages the reader; sparking empathy and curiosity within, he writes â€Å"†¦able only to live within certain narrow limits of heat and cold†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . In conclusion, Jack London’s â€Å"To Build A Fire† deliberately uses foreshadowing to engage the reader, a very intelligent way of writing since it motivates he or she to keep reading therefore helping Jack in his struggle to make ends meet, whilst improving the story. In Jack London’s â€Å"To Build A Fire†, the main character, the man, does not have many flashbacks. This is because London wanted the reader to focus more on the present situation of the man, and less on the past. Although, he does write a few. One is when the man has a severe conflict after falling through the ice/snow layers into the frigid water. He thinks back to the old man at Sulphur Creek, having a conversation in which he suggests several things that he should think about before embarking on his journey. The purpose of this flashback is to show how much danger the man is facing, having not listened to the Sulphur Creek elderly, and to spark interest within the reader. The second flashback in â€Å"To Build A Fire† is when the man falls much further into grave danger, he thinks of how the old man was right, that he should have prepared himself better. The purpose of this flashback was to foreshadow that the man will probably perish, and again, to spark interest. 4) The main conflict is Jack London’s â€Å"To Build A Fire† is man vs. himself. Many argue that it is man vs. nature due to the central idea that the -50 degree weather is the main cause of harm and crisis to the man, but it progresses to show that if the man would relinquish his pride and stop thinking that he can accomplish the unimaginable without many of the necessary tools, the preparation, and the help, he would still be alive. If the man would have listened to the old man at Sulphur Creek or brought another person along, he would most likely not be dead. Therefore, it is evident that the conflict that many believe to be the main conflict in London’s short story, man vs. nature, is not so, and is actually man vs. himself. Plot Analysis Introduction: The man starts out with minimal awareness of the extreme cold. He is on a journey with a dog in the Yukon off road to a camp where the boys are waiting for him. He becomes slightly more aware of the cold, realizing that his cheeks are beginning to sting, and stops to build a fire and eat lunch. His fingers go numb, and the man begins to continue walking. There begins to be a subtle gloom while reading, sparking a prediction that he may not make it out alive. Rising Action: As the man is walking, the man falls into sheets of ice/snow, which have water under them. He gets his feet wet, and delays to build another fire and dry off his boots. His fingers get too cold to bend and feel anything, and he tries to build another fire. He does not succeed in building a fire this time, thanks to his poor planning. He tries again, but again, fails. Climax: The man knows he cannot make another fire, and becomes desperate for warmth. He remembers a story in which a freezing man killed a horse, cut it open, and warmed up inside. He tries to do the same with the dog. He is unable to do so, not being able to move his fingers to strangle the dog. In a final act of desperation, he tries to run to the camp so the boys can help him, but eventually has to stop. Falling Action: The man lies down in the snow, slowly and unknowingly freezing to death, which he perceives as falling asleep. As he dies, he sees himself with the boys, walking down from the camp to find his blue body. He then sees himself in a warm room with the old man from Sulphur Creek who gave him advice that he did not take, and admits that the old man was right and he should have taken his advice. The man then dies, in what seems to him to be very warm and comfortable. Resolution: The dog waits, confused at the sight of the man sitting in the snow without a fire. The dog howls and then walks away towards the camp, where it knows will find fire and food.

A Traumatic Event in My Childhood essays

A Traumatic Event in My Childhood essays During the years of the childhood we go through a lot of different experiences and learn how to deal with problems under any circumstances. We learn from our parents, teachers, society, and the environment that we live in. We often come across difficult decisions, a split road, a big change. Some of those decisions change your life to a better road, and the rest you will have to walk until another split comes along the way. Because of these roads and the experiences which we learn after each step we shape up our character. It doesnt matter if it was a bad experience or the best in you life. My memory is full of the events during my life. Its like a movie- full of surprises and disappointments, satisfaction and fear. The story that I want to tell you, happened to me when I was seven years old. Our family was at my fathers friends birthday party. Me and other children were watching a show with cartoon heroes. It was very entertaining. By the end of the evening most of the children were very tired, and thats me being included. I wished about my soft and warm bed. I asked my brother Alex to take me home. We told our parents that he would drive me home and come back to the party. Our trip home was already starting to be bad. It was a terrible night, it was Friday the 13th. The weather wasnt making it any easier. The sky was crying, it poured with such tremendous force that the visibility was so bad that you couldnt see anything beyond two or three meters of the rain. Everything was warning us to stop and stay with the parents. Rain washed away everything that was in its way. It was the kind of storm when the rain was pouring to fast, when there is too much water on the roads for the drains to kee p the water off it. The environment was starting to get very scary and depressing, I was beginning to panic. But all of these were still just warnings, the awful thing was still waiting for us. ...

9 Things You Didn’t Know About Für Elise

9 Things You Didn’t Know About Fà ¼r Elise SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips From its first repeating notes, Fà ¼r Elise is instantly recognizable. It may even be the most famous melody ever written! But did you know that when Beethoven first drafted this short piano piece, he stuffed it in a drawer, never to be seen in his lifetime? Curious how it went from forgotten trifle to universally known? Wondering what exactly makes it such an unforgettable earworm? Need some tips on learning to play this piece? Then keep reading for everything you've ever wanted to know about one of Beethoven's best-known masterpieces. Fà ¼r Elise: The Basics Ludwig van Beethoven wrote Fà ¼r Elise 1810 as a small piece for the piano, and then put it aside with his many other draft works. We only have it because a musicologist found it and published it in 1867! And it's a good thing for us that Fà ¼r Elise was finally found! Its first five notes (alternating E and D-sharp) have become as famous as the booming da-da-da-dum first notes of Beethoven’s 5th Symphony. Why has this piece been so popular ever since its publication? Musically, Fà ¼r Elise is deeply melodic and full of nostalgic feeling, with a relatively simple harmony that makes it very accessible and not overly intellectually demanding. At the same time, because its first part is easy even for a beginner piano player to learn, but is also beautiful, it is often assigned by piano teachers the world over, perpetuating its fame. And finally, the romantic and mysterious possibilities of its name make us wonder about the identity of Elise and the love life of its composer! Where Can I Listen to Fà ¼r Elise? Before diving into the history and background of this piece, here are some versions that will give you a great sense of the range of interpretations out there. Start with this straightforward Fà ¼r Elise piano recording: [embed]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8ECRYcXtEg[/embed] Then, you can explore interesting takeoffs, samples, and modifications. On the piano, there is a great blues-imbued version, as well as a ragtime version. At the same time, the piece's arpeggios make it a popular choice for classical guitar interpretations like this one. Because Fà ¼r Elise is so incredibly popular, there are a million and one versions of it on YouTube. Do a quick search and check out the versions played by wildly talented four-year-old prodigies! I wouldn't be surprised if there's a cat-playing-violin version out there somewhere. The History of Fà ¼r Elise In 1810, when he was 40 years old, Ludwig van Beethoven was already renowned as one of the greatest composers of all time. He was also already plagued by the horrible tinnitus that preceded his eventual deafness. Although the very next year he stopped performing in public altogether, he never stopped composing. On April 27th, 1810, Beethoven drafted a bagatelle - a small, unimportant song - and jotted the label "Fà ¼r Elise" on it in his famously messy handwriting. But he never published this piece of music. Instead, it sat in a drawer until 1822, when Beethoven revised it slightly, and shoved it back into the same drawer. In 1827, Beethoven died, and his bagatelle never saw the light of day. It was only in 1867, 40 years after Beethoven's death, that a musicologist named Ludwig Nohl found the piece of music and published it. Who Was Elise? Remember how I told you that Beethoven jotted the words "Fà ¼r Elise" on his final draft of the sheet music? Well, it turns out that we only know this from Ludwig Nohl, the man who found and published the piece. The actual final draft itself is missing! Not only that, but no distinct records, letters, or accounts from people at the time make mention of an "Elise" in Beethoven's life. So who was the mysterious Elise that Beethoven apparently dedicated this music to? There is no conclusive answer to this question. There are several theories, however, which I will lay out in order of most to least likely. Theory #1: "Elise" Was Beethoven's "One That Got Away" Beethoven had a doomed love affair with a woman named Therese Malfatti. She was his student, and he fell in love with her right around the time of the composition of Fà ¼r Elise. We aren't quite sure exactly how they broke up, but we do know that he proposed, and she either said no right away, or strung him along for a while and then said no. Either way, Therese then married someone else. So, the most popular theory is that our friend Ludwig Nohl misread Beethoven’s messy handwriting, and that in reality, the piece was labeled "Fà ¼r Therese" not "Fà ¼r Elise." Theory #2: "Elise" Was Beethoven's Opera Singer BFF A few years before writing Fà ¼r Elise, Beethoven became friends with an opera singer named Elisabeth Rà ¶ckel, whose nickname may well have been Elise (Elizabeth to Elise doesn't seem to be that much of a stretch, but we don't have any documentary evidence that anyone actually did call her Elise). Beethoven and Rockel were close friends until she married Beethoven's frenemy, Johann Nepomuk Hummel. Perhaps Fà ¼r Elise was written in the midst of this friendship - or as a way of saying good-bye. Theory #3: "Elise" Was One of Therese Malfatti's Friends The least likely scenario is that Beethoven wrote the piece for another woman nicknamed Elise - Juliane Katharine Elisabet Barensfeld, who used "Elise" as a variant first name. She was a musical child prodigy who was Therese Malfatti's neighbor and conceivably could have been her student. This theory holds that Beethoven was willing to do anything for his one great love, Therese, including writing a quick piece of music for one of her favorites. Since there's not enough evidence to prove it conclusively, we should probably use Occam’s razor for this one. To whom is a sad, longing love song dedicated? Probably to the lost love of Beethoven's life, Therese. What Does the Title of Fà ¼r Elise Mean? The full title of Beethoven's piece of music is Fà ¼r Elise: Bagatelle in A minor WoO 59. In reality, the stuff after the colon is the official title, and "Fà ¼r Elise" is just a nickname for the piece. This is because musical compositions have a specific naming system that references type, key, and a numbering system. Let's unpack each of the components of this title separately. Fà ¼r Elise. The words â€Å"Fà ¼r Elise† mean â€Å"for Elise† in German. Bagatelle. This is the piece of music's type (other types include sonatas, etudes, symphonies, and so on). A bagatelle is a short, lighthearted, and generally frivolous piece of music. Similar words have also been used to describe this piece. Sometimes the title uses the word "Albumblatt," which means "album leaf" - a short, pleasant, usually solo piano piece that friends could easily share by pasting into each other's musical albums. More rarely, you might find Fà ¼r Elise labeled as a "Klavierstà ¼cke" which is simply German for "piano piece." A Minor. "A" stands for the music's key, indicating the scale - the set of notes divided by regular intervals - that the piece uses. In this case, Fà ¼r Elise is based on the scale that is anchored by the A key. Keys are divided into major and minor, depending on the intervals between the notes used in the scale. Here, the minor key is a technical way to convey which notes should be played higher or lower than the corresponding natural notes. It also tells us about the musicality of the piece. In Western music, music in a minor key sounds sad, helping with the sense of longing and wistfulness that characterizes the melody. WoO 59. Usually, composers number their published pieces of music, using the Latin term "opus" (which means "work") and whatever number followed in sequence from the last piece of the same type. However, not only did Beethoven not number Fà ¼r Elise, but he really only gave opus numbers to his most significant published pieces. Because of this, much of his work has been assigned numbers by later publishers, using the German term "werk ohne opuszahl" (meaning "work without opus number" and abbreviated as WoO) and a number in sequence. So, in this case, WoO 59 means that Fà ¼r Elise was the 59th bagatelle to be published that hadn't been given a number by Beethoven himself. Fà ¼r Elise Musical Analysis Now that we've explored the history and romance behind the work, let's check out what's under the hood. How is Fà ¼r Elise Structured? As we already saw from its title, this piece is in the key of A minor. It's time signature is 3/8, so there are 3 beats in each measure and each eighth note (â™ ª) gets 1 beat. Fà ¼r Elise is a rondo, with a A–B–A–C–A structure. In other words, its first section (main theme A) is repeated between its other sections (themes B and C). The first section is the famous melody that everyone knows, with the right hand playing the melody itself and with the left hand playing arpeggios (chords played note by note instead of all at once). The other sections are more challenging, incorporating the keys E major, C major, G major, and F major. The repeated central theme's A minor key builds a melancholy, longing mood. However, Fà ¼r Elise's other themes are in complete contrast to the main theme, creating a sense of whimsy, unpredictability, and playfulness. What's the Musical Style of Fà ¼r Elise? Fà ¼r Elise is part of the Romantic music movement that developed in the late 18th and early 19th century in Europe along with Romanticism in the arts in general. Note that capital-R Romanticism has nothing to do with small-r romance. Instead, Romantic music was characterized by ideas of revolting against Industrial Revolution and the perceived triumph of hyper-rationalism. Romanticism instead embraced a preoccupation with nature, an imagined glorious past, and beautifully terrifying and unknowable spiritual and emotional experiences. We can see some of this in the way Fà ¼r Elise shuttles back and forth between the forlorn plea of the repeated main theme and the sudden, mercurial shifts in tone of the B and C themes. Romanticism is like a storm: moody, unpredictable, wild, and dominating puny humans. 8 Tips for Learning to Play Fà ¼r Elise Have you decided to learn how to play Fà ¼r Elise on the piano? Here are some things to keep in mind! Are You a Beginner? Because the most famous part of Fà ¼r Elise - the main theme - is reasonably easy to play, many piano teachers assign just that first part of the piece to their students early on in their piano learning. Not only is it not technically difficult, but it also provides a good basic exercise for piano pedaling technique. Here's some advice for mastering the piece: Watch out for tricky fingering. In this piece, precise finger position is key to the flow of the right-hand melody and the support of the left-hand arpeggios. You may want to write out each note’s fingering in your score to help you articulate the music well. Legato, legato, legato. Think of the left-hand’s arpeggios as almost-chords. You should play them as smoothly as possible, gliding each note into the next. Imagine playing the piece as if you're trying to demonstrate perpetual motion. Your gently flowing tempo and legato should unite to let the melody shine. Imagine a conversation between right and left. Start by practicing hands separately. Then, when you're combining them, listen to the way the left and right hands reply to each other - it's almost a series of call-and-response questions, or a plaintive conversation. To articulate this, carry your legato over from the right hand to the left and vice versa, and do not privilege one hand over the other in volume or tempo. Don't rush. Even after you've learned the melody, you have to keep your tempo slow to convey the wistful and sad mood. Beethoven marked the tempo as "molto grazioso," meaning a deeply graceful and even speed. Are You Playing at an Intermediate Level? If you're learning all three section of Fà ¼r Elise, here are tips to help you: Learn the sections in order of difficulty. As we've already seen, theme A is the least technically challenging. The most technically difficult section is the B theme, so you may want to save that one for last. Learn each section on its own, phrase by phrase. Rely on repetition for easier memorizing. The rondo form makes learning the piece by heart much easier, since 3 out of 5 sections are the same. Focus on the transitions between the sections to confidently go in and out of each. Stress the contrast. Fà ¼r Elise is marked by the shifting tones and moods of its three sections. Maintain the contrast demanded by the different sections, and connect your playing with the mood you want to convey. Are You an Advanced Musician? At this point in your musical career, you're no longer as worried about physically being able to carry the piece from sheet music to keyboard. Instead, here are some thoughts about your main challenges: Proper wrist placement. For an even smoother performance, you may want to rethink the way you hold your wrists and how to relieve tension in them while playing. This blog post has some very helpful pointers. Make your mark, find your voice. The biggest challenge for those who can readily overcome the technical challenges is that Fà ¼r Elise is everywhere and has been interpreted many, many times over. How do you bring your own quality to such a widely known work? You may want to simply avoid other interpretations while working on a piece, so that someone else's vision doesn't influence your version. Think deeply about what you want to convey, and which aspects of Beethoven's music you want to illuminate. Let these ideas be the guiding principles of your interpretation. All together now! Where Can I Find Fà ¼r Elise Sheet Music? For beginners. If you'd like a version that has only the first section, clearly labels each note with its corresponding key, and leaves out the sustains, check out this easy piano rendition. For more advanced players. If you're looking for sheet music to learn to play the piece, you can use this printable very cleanly edited PDF version. For research and study. If you are curious about the first printed version that has the D in the 7th measure instead of the E as we now accept, explore a PDF of a potentially misprinted publication. Or you can check out the draft in Beethoven’s hand that informs how we play the piece now. Fà ¼r Elise in the World I wasn't exaggerating when I said that Fà ¼r Elise is now everywhere. Here are some of the more and less unlikely places it has turned up: Garbage trucks in Taiwan use the tune, as part of that country's completely revolutionary approach to dealing with waste. Check out the 99% Invisible podcast for more of this great story. American rapper Nas built his 2002 song "I Can" around samples of this piece. Elephant, Gus Van Sant's 2003 movie about teenage alienation, used Fà ¼r Elise as a haunting refrain. The Peanuts character Schroeder performs the piece in A Charlie Brown Christmas. The Takeaway: 9 Amazing Fà ¼r Elise Facts Fà ¼r Elise was lost for over 50 years until a musicologist found it and published it after Beethoven's death. And then that final draft copy was lost again and has never been found. We do still have an earlier draft copy of Fà ¼r Elise in Beethoven's hand, but that one isn't labeled "Fà ¼r Elise." No one knows who Elise really was! But most likely, she was Therese Malfatti, the woman who broke Beethoven's heart. Fà ¼r Elise is versatile enough to have been musically reinterpreted as blues and ragtime, and used as a sample in a Nas song. There are actually three separate sections in Fà ¼r Elise: the first, most famous section repeats between two other sections. As part of the Romantic music movement that explored beautifully terrifying and unknowable spiritual and emotional experiences, Fà ¼r Elise contrasts the sad wistfulness of its main theme with the unpredictable wildness of its other two themes. Part of the reason Fà ¼r Elise remains so popular is that piano teachers the world over assign its first section to their beginner students. Because there are so many versions of Fà ¼r Elise out there, it can be very hard for professional musicians to put their own spin on this work. Garbage trucks in Taiwan use Fà ¼r Elise to let people know that the garbage pickup is happening, in kind of same the way ice cream trucks use tunes in the U.S. to get people to line up for frozen dessert.

Comparing and contrasting Odyssey by Homer to movie O'Brother, Where Essay

Comparing and contrasting Odyssey by Homer to movie O'Brother, Where Art Thou - Essay Example works of art, several characters in the film have names similar to the characters in Homer’s work and the protagonist in the film, Ulysses Everett McGill, shares his name with the protagonist in Odyssey, i.e. the Latin form of the Greek name Odysseus which is Ulysses. Similarly, Odysseus and Ulysses Everett McGill both seem to have several enemies and few friends in these stories and an analysis of these characters in relation to the protagonists can help one in realizing the ultimate relationship between the film and the ancient epic poem. Thus, Athena is Odysseus’ friend and Poseidon, his enemy, while God is Ulysses’ friend in the film and the man with the dark glasses and dog (i.e. policeman) is his enemy. This paper undertakes a reflective analysis of why each one either helps or hinders Odysseus or Everett, what methods each person uses to accomplish his or her purposes and the overall efficacy with which these persons either oppose or aid Odysseus and Evere tt. A profound character analysis of Homer’s Odyssey confirms that Athena  , the daughter of Zeus and goddess of wisdom, has one of the most helpful friends of the protagonist Odysseus and she assists him with divine powers all the way through the epic. Thus, a careful reader of the epic realizes that Athena  implements significant methods to assist her friend and she is the one who raises her voice for Odysseus in the councils of the gods on Mount Olympus. In one of the most noticeable strategies to assist her friend, Athena  frequently accompanies Odysseus in disguise as Mentor, an old friend. The major reason for why she helps Odysseus is that she is fascinated by the brave and wily character of Odysseus. â€Å"As goddess of wisdom and battle, Athena naturally has a soft spot for the brave and wily Odysseus. She helps him out of many tough situations, including his shipwreck in Book 5 and the mismatched battle of Book 22. She does not merely impart sense and safety to h er passive charge, however.