Community Crime Prevention Strategies Essay

Do residential district asylum, culpable offense anticipateion discourtesy reduction initiatives answer solely dupes? Choose specific types of CS police led, management of wrongdoers, offensive activity prevention as focus.The Home positioning delineates club safety as, An aspect of quality of life in which pot, individually and collectively, be protected as far as possible from hazards or threats that result from the criminal or anti-social behaviour of others and argon fit taboo or friended to cope with those they do experience (Home Office 1998) The fear of crime discharge impact us in a major way on how we feel about our union. Localised action against crime besides know as partnership safety, crime prevention or crime reduction is very more than than practiced by police officers and authority persisters e.g. Probation workers, housing officers etc. Community safety focuses on introducing bodily and social changes to local communities to enforce balan ce and prevent crime and disorder from taking place. in that respect be three ways of classifying crime prevention, primary secondary and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention targets the general macrocosm to prevent crime from happening before it has happens. Secondary prevention targets the population that is most at fortune, where 3rd prevention focuses on the individual Often a known wrongdoer (Newburn, 2007566)The aim of alliance safety is to allow local residents to be able to wear their lives freely, tryd still feel comfortable and protected in their atomic number 18a by local authorities. All citizens should be able to live without interruption or fear that may come from crime and disorder. In rough ways federation safety evict be hard to define, as various communities have distinct ways of carrying out the redevelopment. In some communities citizens have a say in what issues they feel guide to be addressed and prioritized for action in their community and in others they dont. So where some issues may be of relevance in star community, it wont be of relevance in another. Most authoritatively once an issue has been tackled it is primitive that it does not re-occur.Offending style can negatively affect an individual and/or a all in all community. By reducing offending manner community service should generally improve the quality of live of an individual or community, both socially and economically. Without original addressing fear and typical preconceptions of crime, any action to prevent anti-social behavior allow for be of no relevance, as communities may be un conscious of the changes occurring and therefore indisposed(p) to deliberate that they are being protected. It is after the Morgan Report in 1991 when the term Community safety first came into notion. As stated by CSinfo magazine The term community safety was not wellspring delimit then and in some eyes the very(prenominal) is true today (CSinfo n.d.).Anti social b ehavior and the nature of crime can puddle the focus of community service to shift at times. This is mainly because of the difference in cultures, various religions and ethnic groups that may be in one community. Therefore we can question if community service is effective in a diverse edict. In all of this we essential take diversity and ethics into consideration. In society hatful have different values and approaches to life. salmagundi is the unique difference that we all have. In all walks of life there will always be plenty from various backgrounds that we must(prenominal) knead contact with. Diversity can be a cause of conflict and tensions at heart a society. Community safety aims to prevent divisions within a community and effect unity to establish a safer and more comfortable lifestyle for civilians.Community safety or community policing can be very effective in society as it establishes a good and bank relationship in the midst of the police and citizens. The po lice become part of the neighbourhood (Anon 2010), In addition to creating relationships it in addition enables the police to become aware of what the community needs. This partnership allows police officers to familiarize themselves with individual members of the community. As well as this, they are able to remember important information about the people that are of risk to the community.In all aspects of policing there will always be advantages and disadvantages. A great advantage of community policing is that it reduces any fear that one may have. This creates a sense of trust between the police and community and therefore civilians will feel safer. Law teacher states, as citizens become more active in taking care of their community, they start to understand what officers actually do on a day-to-day rump (Anon 2010).A disadvantage of community policing is that without the trust of the community and community involvement there isnt more that the police can do. If they dont have first hand knowledge of certain issues within the community they cannot solve it nor can they be aware of the specific citizens that are of risk to the rest of the community. The legal age of people find it hard to trust the police, especially in ethic minority communities where many people believe that the police are racist. In saying this any render to help a community will fail, as there is no partnership between the police and community. Another disadvantage is that community policing is a long-term partnership and results will not be impinge onn immediately.Members of the community may feel as though they are wasting their time in trusting in the police to cleanse their neighborhood, yet nothing has changed. The relationship must be maintained for it to work. Community policing is a philosophy, not a plan (Roth 2000,183) An additional disadvantage is that the same members of the community step forward to help and improve the neighborhood, however it requires the help and belief of whole (or majority) of the community for the service to be effective. Community policing is altogether as good as its community involvement (Law Teacher 2010).Overall the advantages weigh out the disadvantages of community policing. Community policing is effective as it establishes a relationship between the police and citizens, which generally improves the safety and the peace of mind of the community.Community-based programmes are important in the service delivery in many communities(Mancini & Marek 2004, 339). To prevent crime in their neighbourhood people develop programs that aid in the prevention of crime and disorder in their community. There are several(prenominal)(prenominal) community policing programs, the most popular program is known to be the neighbourhood watch, where locals come unneurotic to make their community a safer place. Neighbourhood watch can be beneficial to a community as it allows locals to be aware of any suspicious activity. National Night Out is another program that helps to fight crime in a community. Residents that participate in this, leave their outside lights on during the night, in the hope that civilians will safeguarded at night time where (in more dangerous areas) there are more drug and alcohol misusers gallivanting the streets.D.A.R.E which stands for Drug Abuse Resistance Education, is a program that seeks to make upstart adults (teenagers) feel good about the police, as well as preventing violent behavior, the abuse of drugs and alcohol and bunch involvement. The program informs young people on how to say no from peer pressure, and build the necessary skills that they need to ensure a better lifestyle. Through D.A.R.E students are able to identify the perils of violence in their community as well as in their schools.Neoliberism, the idea that the rich put up rich and the poor stay poor. In place of tackling poverty secure realists would prefer to reduce crime done control. They argue with Marxists that although several old people are poor their crime rate is low. They believe that labeling theory romanticises the criminal by being too sympathetic. The problem with this approach is that although harsh methods of punishment may be good for the moment, they arent very effective for the long term. When putting someone in prison all aspects of their life must be considered. The offender may have a family that solely depends on them. In addition the offender may have health issues that could deteriorate in a prison environment. The biosocial theory of criminal behavior was introduced in 1985 by Wilson and Herrnstein. They explored the notion that criminal behavior is influenced by social and biological factors.Herrnstein and Murray believed that low scholarship was the main cause of crime. Also developed from biological causes. Yes it is true that the chance of a somebody beseeming an offender can be increased by biological cause however, it is believed that environmental have m ore influence on an offenders behavior. Charles Murray (1990) argues crime is increasing because of a growing underclass who is defined by pervert behaviour and who fails to socialise properly (Anon 2012). .Unlike right realists, left(a) realists portion out the same views as aim government. Described as socialist in 1984 Lea and Young provide the modification of society sort of than the avant-garde change by a few Marxists. They debate that right wing politicians in an indus essay capitalist society, have presented themselves accordingly as the parties of forces of law and order.Left realist believe that all crimes with the exception of albumin collar crime need to be tackled and elucidated as they are a serious problem. Since World state of war Two there has been a significant increase in street crime (Young 1993) Criminology has undergone an etiological crisis (Anon2012). This has resulted from the maturate in offences that are being recorded officially.Both right realis m and left realism share similarities but there are also extreme differences. An example of this is that they both have different political views, where right realists have a conservative mind, left realist have a labour mind. Despite this both believe that crime is a real problem, and they fear that crime is rational. Through the way that both sides formulate crime, it is clear that right realists are neo conservative, whereas left realists are reformist socialists.Right realists put the condemn of offending on the individual but left realists consider environment and relative deprivation, sympathising with the offender. In the same way both sides also have varying political differences, which is shown by means of their aims and how they plan on soling problems of crime. The right prioritize social order achieved through a tough stance of offenders while the left prioritise notwithstandingice achieved through democratic policing and reforms to create greater equality (Anon2012 ).As with other signs of brutishness, the sight of violence, pain, or physical suffering became passing disturbing and distasteful to modern sensibilities ( wreath, 1990 223). A man like Garland who can be considered as a right realist suggests that we should be more punitive. He argues that we live in a culture that needs more control although we have become more civilized, we are also more acceptant of mercy and as a society we tend not to punish as hard as they did in the olden days. Despite Garlands views many still believe that we havent learnt to punish less. Moreover some people insist that we have learnt to punish better through the use of modern technology.Unless an offender is of high risk to the rest of society, it is better to rehabilitate through intervention alternatively than imprison, in the attempt to just remove the person from society. In most cases imprisonment is more expensive than interventions (Williams 2010). Nevertheless it is still a major aim to manag e the risk of reoffending through warehousing (over crowded Imprisonment). Supervised by probation officers, who would advise assist and befriend them (Probation of Offenders Act 1907). If these requirements were/are ignored the offender may be sent back to court to be re-assed and re-sentenced. (Canton 2011, 5).Offenders would be on probation sort of of being ounished, and on their undertaking to be of good behavior, they would be put to the test and given an opportunity to show they could lead good and industriCriminals are not normal, they are wicked, evil, different to us, they are dangerous and they are strangers (Wilson and Herrnstein 1985). This is the idea that criminals are like animals, out of control and driven by their animalistic lust to do inhumane things. Crime is linked to low IQ suggesting that most criminals are black and/or Asian, approach path from backgrounds that cannot afford to educate children.The level of how risky someone is should determine the intensit y of intervention they must endure. There are wide ranges of interventions in the criminal rightness system. Diversion, Reparation, Unpaid work, Supervision and commission, Basic Skills, Group work programmes, Drug and alcohol programmes, Therapeutic communities, Circles of support and womens programmes. We typically do not see only one kind of criminal offender. Although a plethora of offences are made daily, the uniqueness of one person will be different from the criminogenic needs of another person. Diversity and sociological aspects of crime can be an influence of this. Where some offenders may be employed, others could be unemployed. Some may be dependent on drugs others may have alcohol problems, or suffer from mental illnesses. Despite this a Right realist would rather punish the offender under any circumstance.Realists see crime as something that is real they believe in solving the problems of crime, whereas Marxists see crime and deviance as something that has been socia lly constructed through an unequal world and exploit society. Much like the conservative government, right realists trust that there is a solution to the growing crime rates in society. Rather than finding the causes of crime right realists seek to find practical methods in which crime can be monitored. In the opinion of a right realist offenders should be punished rather than rehabilitated.Many see this method as impractical as individually offenders have different criminogenic needs. MAPPA (Multi billet Public Protection Arrangements). Prisoners Families and Friends service states It is not a legal body or framework, but a set of arrangements for supervising offenders in the community. They are principally a structure by which the various agencies an offender comes into contact with can share information and thereby monitor risk factors after the person is released (Anon n.d, 26) connecter responsible authorities, MAPPA manage high risk offenders. Forming a partnership with othe r agencies that may be workings with the offender. Once MAPPA and other joined agencies come to a decision on the extent of how risky the person is. A risk management plan will put in order for the offender, which is then reviewed on a regular basis addressing anti social behavior by monitoring the offender. In a similar way DAAT also monitor offenders.DAAT (Drug and Alcohol Action Team) is a partnership that is accountable for carrying out the 10-year strategy and three year action plan for the government. DAAT unifies all local agencies that have involvement in addressing drug use e.g social services, the voluntary sector. DAAT aim to protect communities by reduces all forms of drug cerebrate crime. Preventing danger to families and individuals affected by the use of drugs and alcohol.As well as offenders there are organisations that support victims of crime. These organisations hold programs that are set out to help crime victims move forward through counseling and other servi ces that teach victims their rights in terms of the law.In the USA 35 million people become victims of crime every year (Anon 2012). After crime most victims and their families are left in a terrible state. Physically, mentally, emotionally and financially, which can be difficult to resolve. Because of this special organisations for victims have been created in the attempt to help millions of victims all over the world.The world has changed very quickly through globalization. We currently contemplate whether science and technology are now creating more risk rather than preventing it. An example of this is through the effect of strong-arm and anti social behavior with the use of the Internet and social networking sites. And the idea that the world is becoming little and smaller.Kinnvall and Jonson stated in 2002 that globalization will have a massive impact on our society forever as it covers all issues from economics, and politics to western culture and specifically Americanisatio n (Karofi and muanza 2006). Many people see americanisation as a good thing as it provides development for all, however others would disagree by suggesting that it is a threat to peoples cultures. Discussed in three sections by Kinnvall and Johnson the globalisation process consists of scale, speed and cognition From the links between social and political societies to the time frame in which globalisation is being hypothesised. In their research Kinnvall and Johnson make it clear that globalisation is not a new discovery. But because of how quickly the world has developed since the millenary increased awareness of globalisation has been made. It is hard ton think of a world without new technology, just 30 years ago the development of the Internet was beginning.As mentioned previously every offender is different and therefore has an individual criminogenic need the same goes for victims. Some victims may need long-term assistance depending on how serious the crime was e.g. rape, dom estic violence. sensitive crimes prosecution are cases like child abuse, child fell and sexual assault. Organisations have specific programs that deal with these cases where the aim is to shield the victim from having to retell the story of the crime in which they were involved. In many cases victims have to tell their stories numerous times and this can because a scare off and even more traumatizing experience for them. In some circumstances it can even make the victim more unlikely to open up. If the truth isnt told the full service cannot be fulfilled. To prevent this, the service assigns one lawyer to each case so that the victim only has to tell the story a few times. In doing this both victims and the system are at an advantage.There are programs designed to help all kinds of victims. When dealing with quality crime victims mediation is used as a form of mediation. intermediation allows both the victim and offender to receive the correct benefits or sentencing he or she des erves.The victims service musical arrangement have a financial restitution program where anything that the offender stole or damaged from the victims property is replaced. This is done through a court ordered sanction. (Andrews 1989). The program helps victims calculate how much has been damaged in addition to completing the necessary forms, maintain records informing the appropriate officials about the victims want for restitution (Anon 2012)Through the mediator, the victim and offender talk together about trust, completion of the restitution, and what determines if they will pertain again (Anon 2012). This cannot be done in all situations. E.g. in a situation of rape it is highly unlikely that the victim will want to come in any form of contact with the offender and officials will not expect or ask them too.The programs also file claims for victims. They do as much for the victims as possible to make it easier for them, even little things like filling out forms. Mock trials of c riminal justice proceedings are officered so that the victim may become aware of what the real trial may consists of. Preparing them in all areas so that they are not blind-sided. A social working will prepare the victim by asking them a number of questions that may be asked during the trial. Often victims are given information on where the case is heading before any trial has taken place. The victim has the right to state their opinion on pardons and parole hearings.In answering the question and essay title, yes I do believe that crime reduction initiatives help all victims of crime. Even in murder cases the victims families are always addressed and taken care of in the correct way (in most cases). The service that initiatives provide for victims, give the victims a place to turn to for guidance and support in seeking the rightful justice that they deserve. Programs like crisis intervention allow the victim to start recovering from their victimization and deal with their situation. Restitution and returning of stolen property is another way that victims may financially deal with their victimization. Also simply making victims aware of the rights is an excellent start to the victims search for justice (Anon 2012).BibliographyAnon. (2012). Assess the value of the left and right realist approaches to crime and deviance. useable http//potmd.wordpress.com/2012/03/10/assess-the-value-of-the-left-and-right-realist-approaches-to-crime-and-deviance/. Last accessed quaternary Jan 2013 Anon. (n.d.). DAAT. Available http//www.medway.gov.uk/communityandliving/communitysafety/drugsandalcoholactionteam.aspx. Last accessed 4th Jan 2013. Anon. (2012). high risk offenders. Available http//www.highland.gov.uk/healthandsocialcare/criminaljusticeservices/highriskoffenders.htm. Last accessed 5th jan 2013.Anon. (2012). Left realism and crime. Available http//www.historylearningsite.co.uk/left_realism_crime.htm. Last accessed 6th Jan 2013.Anon. (n.d.). what is community safety?. Av ailable http//www.csinfo.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=category& write down