Forensic Psychology and the Prison Service Essay Example for Free

Forensic psychology and the prison Service EssayThe two programmes mentioned above have similar objectives and use comparable methods. The program includes teaching problem-solving skills, perspective taking and social skills, creative thinking, moral reasoning, management of emotions, and critical reasoning (Blud et al, 2003). To crown through the first stage of selection for a cognitive skills programme in HM Prison Service, offenders should either have a current or previous conviction for a sexual, violent or drug-related offence, or they should demonstrate a life-style factor such as serious drug scream or poor family relationships which indicate they may benefit from the programme. One study conducted by the Canadian correctional Service showed that there were modest outcome effects at best, with 47% of the sample being readmitted to prison. Critics of this sermon suggest that focusing on developing compensatory strategies to repair deficits in thinking does not allow competent account to be taken of the predisposition, choices, opportunities and motivations of the individual, and that it would be more useful to design interventions which focus on providing opportunities to interchange and develop.There atomic number 18 alternatives to cognitive therapy within the prison system. One of these is the the despoilutic institutional regime, which has the aim of providing offenders with an institutional environment that will encourage their development as members of an effective community, which may then lead to more effective participation in their community on release (Howitt, 2006, p. 366). The effective treatment of sex offenders originated in the behavioural therapies common in the 1960s. The treatment of sex offenders was not a priority in prison services until the last few years.Sex offenders typically have both sexual and nonsexual problems (Blackburn, 1995), so assessment needs to cover social, cognitive, affective, and physiological leve ls of functioning. Treatment for sexual offenders differentiates between types of offence, such as electric shaver molestation, exhibitionism, rape, and sexual assault (Hollin, 1989). Behavioural therapists consider assessment of sexual arousal patterns to be necessary. Changing aberrant sexual preference is a major target of cognitive-behavioural programmes.There ar a number of slipway of doing this, such as covert sensitisation, shame aversion therapy, masturbatory or orgasmic reconditioning and shaping and fading (Blackburn, 1995). However, there are a number of questions over their use. For example, the assumption that deviant preference predicts re-offending remains largely untested. There are also attempts to improve social competence. Cognitive distortions are targeted in this approach. These distortions include beliefs about sex roles, rape myths, the acceptability of child-adult sex, and the minimization of harmful effects of sexual assault.According to Blackburn (1995 ), offenders who commit serious crimes against the person are likely to display multiple psychological dysfunctions. Blackburn states that there are four types of murderer paranoid-aggressive depressive psychopathic and over-controlled repressors (of aggression). In one study, using the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), Biro et al (1992) found that 49% of homicide convicts were in the hypersensitive-aggressive category.This category consists of raft with the characteristic of being easily offended, prone to impulsive aggressive outbursts and intolerant of frustration. They are very rigid, disobliging and permanently dissatisfied thing things. However, the causes of antisocial behaviour in psychotic offenders are often the same(p) as those in the non-disordered. Psychological treatment for dangerous offenders is most frequently carried out in rhetorical psychiatric facilities.While pharmacological treatment is frequently the best strategy for treating acute psycho tic disorders, psychological interventions are a more durable alternative for emotional problems such as depression or anxiety, and are critical in rehabilitation. There are few demonstrably effective treatment or intervention programmes for adult violent offenders in maximum-security prisons, particularly for those diagnosable as psychopaths. They have very amply recidivism rates and are often involved in institutional violent behaviour (Belfrage at al, ).

Headphones vs Speakers Essay Example for Free

Headph unmatchables vs Speakers EssayA man was shot and killed for having his music overly loud. This would not turn out been a problem had the teenager been listening to his audio with headphones rather than some ill-fated speakers. Speakers and headphones main accustom is to transmit grievous produced by a certain source. They both have the akin fundamental usance but mans erroneous actions lead us to believe one is better, or ofttimes more preferred, than the former(a). telephone sets argon better than speakers because they are cheaper, portable, undisruptive, and personal. For the equivalent overall performance, headphones are much cheaper than speakers. champion affaire you posterior rarely battle against is a good product at a low price. When intellection in economic terms of the price-performance ratio (the performance value is divided by the price value), headphones grapple out with a higher ratio.A good surround operate system leave alone overspread the sound through a room to try and deliver it to the listeners pinnas. The listener will be receiving the sound from multiple angles producing an effect that makes up for a good experience. Take for example ceremonial a war movie in surround sound will make one face like he really is part of the action in the film. All the sound is traveling in form of waves and is being picked up by your pinna which is the outer part of the ear whose function is to nail sound and also to reveal the location the sound is coming from. All the speakers stay in the similar place which throne cause minor disruptions when moving your head. Headphones on the other hand will perpetually stay on your head. One would think that headphones screwingt possibly produce the same sound as the speaker pay off but after all you only have two ears. One thing that headphones have is 3D audio effects. These effects manipulate the pinna and give the human ear the impression that sound is not coming from two source s but is being received from all 360 degrees roughly a man.When listening to the audio, the sound can be heard coming from the front as wholesome as from the rear. So if headphones can easily be manipulated to have the same performance as speakers, past the quality of sound is not something that will influence the decision of which one, either headphone or speaker, to pick. The spacious difference and the thing that will make a person in todays parsimoniousness decide which one to purchase lies ultimately in the price of the product. A good and reasonable couplet of headphones can go for around $100. A speaker system that will play at same quality will cost you about three or four times as much. The most expensive headphones cost around $2000 $5000 dollars. The most expensive speakers go for up to fifty times that amount.oer all its cl primordial seen that the price-performance ratio for headphones is higher. Headphones have the same performance as speakers and cost a lot les s. So you love listening to Frederic Chopins Nocturne in E Flat major(ip) on your speakers but figure out that when travelling on a cross continental get off to Japan it is very difficult to bring your speaker system into the plane and more difficult to set it up once inside. Fearing you might end up being shot like the teenager from Florida you are immobilized because of the problem. The solution to this most troubling issue, having once found out that headphones can play at the same if not better quality than speakers, is to have a pair of headphones. One thing speakers cannot do is be portable. They are just not meant for travel. Headphones on the other end can easily and comfortably be placed on your head and carried to and fro Los Angeles and Japan.Headphones are highly portable to the point where they even make them to be waterproof resisting the craziest weather on some(prenominal) given rainy day. They are also very swish so that you can buy a pair or two that fit your st yle and character. They can also be wireless for any citizenry that might be offset by any cables Youre caught in an intensely long firefight in Halo 4 but your roommates were being so loud that you could not hear the footsteps of the enemy that crept up to assassinate you from behind or you finished finals early and decided to play Halo 4 but with the crossfire, showering grenades, and speeding vehicles your roommates complained they could not concentrate for their study for the electronic Music final. Sadly, due to signed dorm room policies you are left immobilized and find yourself in other problem. The solution would of course be headphones or in this case headphones with an attached microphone.Speakers can sometimes be too loud and disruptive for other people that headphones are more reliable in these cases. With a pair of headphones there is no one that can tell you to lower your volume because you are too disruptive. Headphones also have the ability to cancel out ambient so unds that can negatively affect what should be a good sounding experience. Having to watch a movie or listen to music with an bare(a) contribution of chatter and yelling from friends or neighbors is not pleasant. Neither is it pleasant to be disruptive to other people in the household by blasting your sound through the roof. These are problems that people which take speaker encounter. Speakers are disruptive, inconsiderate of others, and have a low ability to block outside noises a person does not want to hear.When using headphones there is a personal feeling of intimacy one can feel. Speakers might be able to play sound from many places and into your ears but when you put headphones on it feels like the music is travelling within your skull. When speakers play their sound it takes time for the sound to travel to a persons ears. During the time it takes to travel, some of the high frequencies of the sound waves have been absorbed into the air and not all the sound is perceived in your ears. When using headphones you can hear all the frequencies clearer because the strength of the sound is not reduced over time.Headphones give you a greater and richer sound experience than what speaker can produce. When comparing headphones to speakers, speakers are surpassed in many aspects. For one headphones are cheaper which make it more accessible for people who have trouble coming up with income. Headphones are sleek, stylish and can be included in just about any activity you do. They are also very discreet and unobtrusive which is something speakers can never be neither can speakers be as easily portable as headphones. above all headphones give the listener the full spectrum sound and produce a listening experience unexceeded by that of speakers.Works CitedBest Headphones. Recommendations Grouped by Price Range. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. Guttenberg, Steve. Headphones vs. Speakers Which Is Better? CNET News. CBS Interactive, 10 Mar. 2012. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. Head t o Head Headphones versus Speakers. Head to Head Headphones versus Speakers. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. HeadWize Article Preventing Hearing Damage When Listening With Headphones (A HeadWize Headphone Guide). HeadWize Article Preventing Hearing Damage When Listening With Headphones (A HeadWize Headphone Guide). N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. Man Who Killed Florida Teen Over brazen-faced Music Alters His Story to Fit Stand Your Ground. PoliticusUSA. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. The Soundry The Outer Ear. ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. ROBERT A. BUTLER and RICHARD A. HUMANSKI. kettle of fish of sound in the vertical plane with and without high-frequency spectral cues. Perception Psychophysics 1992,51(2), 182-186

Social Contract Theory of John Locke Essay Example for Free

societal Contract Theory of earth-closet Locke EssayAccording to buns Locke (1690), the spate give up virtu whollyy freedoms to the government or other authority in hallow to receive or maintain amicable order through the rule of law. When the mickle surrender some freedoms and the government agreed to work together towards a common goal, to promote equal harborion for both the people and the government. Based on the agreement a government was created. Therefore the government of the joined States, has the powers to indict and punish individuals for felon acts, and bears the responsibilities of providing public safety to the people through the police, court systems. We the people agree to adapt civil and criminal law enforced by the government, and pays our taxes and the government agrees to treat us fairly and protect us and protects the country and our freedoms by uphold the composition. magic Locke influenced Thomas Jefferson and our Founding Fathers while wri ting the solving of Independence and the U. S. Constitution, Lockes Social Contract Theory on Americas political and political system is undeniable (Moll, 2006).While writing the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson, drew heavily from the writings of John Locke, and placed them in the Constitution. The social contract theory infuses both these documents. Thomas Jefferson adopted Lockes ideas people had rights to life, liberty, equality, and involvement of happiness, the responsibility of government must protect those rights, and put them in the Constitution. The government was established from the consent of the people and therefore the power of government should be distributed among different institution.The words we the people in the Preamble to the Constitution, illustrates the people adopt agreed to work in partnership with government to establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, bequeath for the common defense, promote the general Welf are, and secure the ble ssings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity (Schwartz, n. d. ) illustrates that both the American people and government agree to work together to ensure the rights of the people will be protected at all times. The Constitution is a flexible, lawful document of rights and restrictions.The Articles of the Constitution affirm the shape of government, divided into three branches, which are given powers to keep the others in check to balance government. The amendments grant certain civil liberties, but same the articles, also assert specific rules and restrictions on those who are not granted civil rights. The philosophic beliefs of raw(a) rights to life, liberty, and property of John Locke are expanded into the Constitution, specifically the Bill of Rights (Raborg, 2008).By using the Bill of Rights from the U. S. Constitution as a foundation for police ethical motive training is better than using state ethics law, because officers have taken an oath to uphold the principles of th e Constitution. The major justification for corrective (criminal) law is prevention of harm. The social contract theory explains that law is a contract each individual gives up some liberties and, in return, is protected from others who have their liberties restricted as well.The interference of law in natural liberties kept to a minimum and should step in only when the liberty in question injures or impinges on the interests of another. The Social Contract Theory gives legitimacy to the American criminal justice system and the role of police in our society. The authority of police is derived from the people through the social contract, which holds that the purpose of government is to better protect the rights that people already naturally possess those of life, liberty and property (Moll, 2006).The social contract theory is the foundation which our criminal justice system is based upon. The government exists to serve the people, and to maintain the political power. Lockes ideas are the basic principle of American government today, Americans are free and have civil rights but when decisions are made in Congress, majority rules, but minority rights are protected (Raborg, 2008). The U. S.Constitution establishes the form of government the people have agreed to abide by in turn the government agrees to protect the people, was built on the beliefs of John Locke. When the Founding Fathers drafted the Constitution they left room for the Constitution to be modified to protect the people as society changes to ensure that the rights of the people are still being protected, and the government can provide more(prenominal) protection to the people without violating their given rights.Without the philosophical influence of John Locke on our Founding Fathers, I curio what our criminal justice system would be like. References Locke, John (1690) Two Treatises Government Project Gutenberg (10th edition)Retrieved February 27, 2010 from http//www. gutenberg. org/dirs/etext05/ trgov10h. htm Moll, Monica M (2006) meliorate American Police Ethics Training Focusing on Social Contract Theory and radical Principles Retrieved February 25, 2010 from http//www. forumonpublicpolicy.com Roland, John (1994).The Social Contract and Constitutional Republics Retrieved February 25, 2010 from http//www. federalobserver. com Raborg, Chris (2008) The Philosophical Influence of John Locke on the Fundamental Ideas of the United States Constitution Retrieved February 25, 2010 from http//www. marylandsar. org Schwartz, Ed (n. d. ) Social Contract Project Institute for the Study of Civic Values Retrieved February 27, 2010 from http//207. 245. 99. 38/socialcontract. html.

Indian Removal Act Essay Example for Free

Indian removal Act EssayKnown as having adopted an Indian child as his son, Andrew capital of Mississippi was preferably fond of the Indian race however, with pressure to expand due westward, he needed to transfer the Indians farther west and soon became their worst enemy. Andrew capital of Mississippis Indian Policy was to move the Indians westward as peacefully as possible, for the tribes that stayed in the East Coast were annihilated. Also, moving them West will help them live longer, and in that respect is a fair exchange for the tribes moving. Another important component is the touch of Western lands and the addition of American power this will add on to Americas size and increase Americas authority.Jackson validates his actions by saying he will pay for the land the Indians inhabit, pay for their long locomote West, also known as the Trail of Tears, and support them a little while their settling in. hot seat Jackson also said if they move west, they will enjoy sover eignty forever. Jackson made the prognosticate that with the Indians gone there will be less conflict between them and state governments, it will book for prosperous populations and cities to flourish, and the free land will add another line of defense for America.President Jacksons attitude toward the Indians in his speech reveals that he wants the Indians gone so America can progress land and grow stronger. He uses words like Red Men and Savages to describe them, so they come along like outcasts. He makes it sounds like the Indians are a nuisance and if they move, they will prosper as a people. Jackson says, perhaps cause them graduallyto cast off their savage habits and become an interesting, civilized, and Christian community. Overall, Jackson wants the Indians gone for his own benefit. He refers to them as uncivilized, uninteresting, and having savage habits, and was proving that he is just looking for a gain for his country, not the native people who have lived there forev er.

Anorexia VS. Bulimia Essay Example for Free

Anorexia VS. Bulimia EssayThe amount of pressure level for an adolescence to be skinny these days, is outrageous. Most eating disorders, like anorexia and bulimia, argon onset between mid to latish adolescence. 0. 5 per centum of womben suffer from anorexia, and one to three percent from bulimia. These are both serious psychiatric disorders that are mistaken for one another all the time. Admittedly, they do have many similarities, but rattling transparent differences. Anorexia and bulimia show many similar symptoms, which is one reason they get mistaken so often. Some of the symptoms are weakness and dizziness, tooth decay, obsession over food, constipation, irregular heartbeat, and swelling of the hands, feet, arms, and legs. One of the most distinct differences is that bulimia is categorized as a complex emotional issue, while anorexia is a combination of biological, psychiatric, and environmental issues. Although both are worried about their freight, they approach food s ituations very differently. Physical signs of bulimia are harder to recognize, unless on a very soulal level.Usually, there are no obvious signs of weight loss. This is because during an modal(a) eating binge, one whitethorn consume from three thousand to five thousand calories in an hour. after one feels a great since of guilt, making the decision to purge to make themselves feel better. What one doesnt realize is, vomiting after a meal will only eliminate fifty percent of the calories ingested. Resulting in that soul staying at a normal weight. However, the physical signs of anorexia are much more obvious.This is a disorder that causes people to obsess about their weight and the food they eat. They will pretend to eat or lie about how much food theyve actually ate. They will attempt to maintain a weight that is far below normal, starve themselves and exercise excessively. The thoughts of dieting, food, and their body take up most of their day. Resulting in rapid weight loss. For a person that suffers with bulimia overeating is more like a compulsion. A person begins to feel increasingly out of control.Although they may try, it is difficult to regain control without help. Anorexia, on the other hand, makes a person feel in control, over atleast one aspect in their life. When a person suffers with anorexia they may lose the ability to see their true self. This means that, no matter how skinny a person gets, its never enough to them. They developed strange or secretive food rituials and become very fixated with their body image, to the point that it causes major health risks. POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG).

Three Islamic Leadership Principles Theology Religion Essay

Three Muslim leadership Principles deity Religion EssayThis chapter elaborates and controvertes elements which contri excepte on the literature freshen. This chapter started with review of the job consummation, follows by the literature review on draws and then literature review on Islamic leaders. This literature was closely the kinship amongst Islamic Leadership principles towards Job Performance. The literature was then compressed into the conceitual framework that represents the organizing concept of the study conducted by the researchers.2.1 JOB PERFORMANCEAccording to the Murphy 1989, Job instruction execution is defines as behaviors that catch a relationship to the tendencys of the organization. Besides that, other definition of job performance as action and behaviors that keep back under each several(prenominal) that contributes to the organizational s goals and measured by the individual level of progress (Campbell, 1990). Kane (1986) defined job performance as a record of out gravels achieved in carrying out the job motive during the specified period. Alternatively, Rotundo (2000) argues that this definition includes a variety of job behaviors and that near behaviorscontribute to the employees duties and responsibilities, while other behaviors hush affect the goals of the organization but do non fall under duties and responsibilities. To understand the job performance is determine whether an individual job performance changes over time or still stable from yr to year. Job performance gouge be improved by with leadership, training, work experience, and also by mentoring or coaching.Job performance have to be differentiated amidst other measures of performance that atomic number 18 sometimes used interchangeably or maybe incorrectly so. The often way to measure job performance is a leader rate his or her employees job performance (Rotundo Maria, 2002). Some research has shown that leadership integrates a great deal of informatio n in these ratings. Performance measurement systems usually focus on the executive program or manager as the rater of the job performance.As the leader, the challenge is determine on how it affect individual behavior and the work situations can be structured to achieve maximum employee job performance. Effective leadership generates improved motivation and effort.2.2 LEADERSHIPNorthouse (2011), verbalize that being a leader is challenging, exciting plus rewarding, and carries a lot of responsibilities. A leader also should be fully aw be of the followers and their interests, ideas, positions, attitudes, and motivations.Leadership is masking the way and helping or inducing others to pursue it. This includes envisioning a desirable future, promoting a lead purpose or mission, supportive values and intelligent strategies, and empowering and engaging those entire concerned (Gill, 2011).Allio (2009), in his term has listed the big five ideas (1) good leaders have good character, (2) theres no best way to lead, (3) leaders must collaborate, (4) adaptability makes longevity possible and (5) leaders are self-made.However, a lot of the research in telephone circuit and management has considered organizations as a religion neutral sphere, and as a result religion was not deemed worthy of study (Majeed, Khalid and Khan, 2011). As researchers keep on discussing round leadership, they only focused on westerly business environment (Bass, 1999 Yukl, 2002 Fiedler, 1967 Stogdill, 1974).2.3 ISLAMIC LEADERSHIPThe Quran and hadith (the everyday actions and sayings of the Prophet) has explained about leadership qualities some fourteen centuries ago have only been discussed and emerged in the modern times. To thee a Book explaining All things, a Guide, a Mercy, And Glad Tidings to Islamics. (Al-Nahl, 1689). And We appointed, from among them, leaders, giving guidance under Our command, so long as they persevered with pains and continued to have faith in Our Signs. (As-Saj dah 3224). Abbas Ali (2005) mentioned in his book, Islamic Perspectives On centering and Organization, Islamic Leadership is a set of shared influence process. The Quran clearly calls for a leader to be flexible and approachable to followers and they comfort for committal with the presence of these qualities within an organization.Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) and Ibn Taimiya (1263-1328) opinion about leadership has been accepted. Ibn Khaldun (p,112) stated that several qualities are important for a leader like, tolerance towards weak, forgiveness of error, patience and hospitality toward guests. Lacking of these skills may decrease the quality of good leader. Next, Beekun and Badawi (1998), stated that, one of the definitions of Islamic Leadership is, the effort that takes by the leader to seeks the voluntary participations of followers in order to achieve the organizational objectives. Moreover, the leaders must be the role models in the organization and consume them in way of happin ess in life (Abbasi, Rehman and Afsar, 2009).According to Moten (2011) he stated that the Western secular societies do not have a clear picture of leadership phenomenon from an Islamic Perspective. He added that there are several factors to describe reasons for the exigency of Islamic Leadership (Moten, 2011). Firstly, there is no distinction between the uncanny and temporal affairs in Islam whereby both lies down and moving together encircling all spheres of human life, (Moten, 2011). To strengthen this statement, Islam teachings according to Iqbal and Mohamad (1962), is not a departmental affair, it is neither mere thought, nor mere feeling, nor mere action it is an expression of the whole man. Secondly, Moten (2011) points out, the need for implementation of the Islamic Leadership is because based on central concept of Islam i.e., tawhid (unity and sovereignty of Allah), refuse the power of control and command to anyone but Allah, the creator and Nourishes of the universe. To support his statement, Moten referred the Quran (3189, 657), the command rests with none but Allah to disclaim anyone who claims absolute right and power over anything. Next, Islam perceives that every individual and society activity is for the stake of Allah, Moten (2011). Relation between one creaturess with other creatures is built upon his distinctive relation to Allah. Thus, it is not a dyadic relationship between two conceivers but it is a triadic relationship in that each is relating to other by dint of Allah as the intermediary, Moten (2011).After submitting the need for Islamic Leadership, Moten (2011) give his point of view on leadership in Islam. According to him, leadership in Islam is a process of communication and a moral activity between the equals directed towards reaching the organization goal, (Moten, 2011). He added, as the leader and the followers both understand the goal and actively joint together for the accomplishment of the goal, the accomplishment of tha t goal assumes the form of worship or ibadah, hence, the leadership in Islam can be seen as ibadah, (Moten, 2011).The Quran, Sunnah, and the jurisprudence give a comprehensive code of laws social, moral, political, administrative, economic, civil, religious, and respectable to guide the Muslim leaders to run Islamic organizations appropriately and effectively (Aabed, 2006).Ali (2009) mentioned that, leader is obliged and illustrates a willingness to listen, openness, and concern in dealing with subordinates or follower. Islamic Leadership is defined as a base of leadership principles extracted from the Quran and the biography of the Prophet Muhammad and his companions, structured of good and ethical leadership essential to guide organizations appropriately and effectively. Moreover, it made up noblest Islamic traditions of science, worship, justice, and Ihsan(doing good) and to hammer these values in Muslim, (Khaliq, 2009 Khan, 2007). Besides that, Islam jolly alongd the leaders to accept attention to followers needs. It is because, it is trusteeship of Allah, a given responsibility given from him and a service to the mankind, (Toor, 2007). If Allah puts anyone in the position of authority over the Muslims affairs and he secludes himself (from them), not fulfilling their needs, wants, and poverty, Allah will keep Himself away from him, not fulfilling his need, want, and poverty (Sahih Muslim).Leadership is a responsibility which is shared by all adults in a Muslim society as Islam point of view (Mohsen, 2007). As pointed out clearly by Prophet Muhammad in one of the hadiths, Every one of you is a shepherd and everyone is responsible for what he is shepherd of (Bukhari and Muslim).There are some sign for a Muslim that considered good in implementing Islamic values (Abdul Hakim, 2011). Islamic ideas in performance emphasize a high standard of trust, honesty and reliability toward overall behavior. The employees daily activities should be conducted in the str ictest obedience to Allah SWT commandments (Dr. Abdullah Mohammed Seidu).As mentioned by A. Hakim (2012), it is very important to understand the Islamic spiritual motivations, including faith, devoting and Islamic application rules. And they have to understand them completely (kaffah) spiritual motivation will give the urge to do the job as well as possible.Therefore, leadership development is one of the important subjects in Islamic teachings (Majeed, Khalid and Khan, 2011). From an Islamic perspective, followings are some of the key attributes for effective leadership legal expert (al Adl), Trust (al Amanah) and veracity (al Sidq). The organization performance and goals will be achieved in terms of employee performance and there comfort for commitment with the presence of these qualities within an organization. Following are three principles of Islamic Leadership.2.3.1 THREE ISLAMIC LEADERSHIP PRINCIPLESJustice (al Adl)The management leaders must behave with team members equitab le and fairly without any discrimination about their race, color or religion. Islam always called human being for doing justice to all. Besides that, the Quran also gives the heed to Muslims to be fair and just in any situation even if the decisions goes against their parents or themselves (Ather Syed Mohammad, Sobhani Farid Ahammad, 2007). Allah SWT saysO you, who believe Stand out firmly for justice, aswitness to Allah, even as against yourselves or your parents or your kin and whether it be against well-to-do or poor, for Allah protects both.(Surah An-Nisa, Verse-135). According to Imam Hasan (2011), the concept of justice flows directly from the law giver Himself, Allah (SWT) so that the council of jurists having the legislative function interpreted by the law by the direct source is the Quran and Hadith to come at a just decision on issues that beneficial to the community. These concepts from the merciful Allah (SWT) frees any individual from accusations as all decisions flow and are based on Allahs commands (Imam Hasan Qasim Okikiola, 2011).Trust (al Amanah)Trust plays an important role for a leader. Allah says in the Quran, Those who faithfully observe their trusts and their covenants, (2308), and Surely Allah commands you to make over trusts to their owners and that when you settle between people you judge with justice surely Allah admonishes you with what is excellent surely Allah is Seeing, Hearing, (0458), and O you who believe Be not unfaithful to Allah and the Messenger, nor be unfaithful to your trusts while you know. (0827). Leaders in organization should be a trustworthy soul and can be relying on (Alhabshi et. al, 1994).According to Yunus Mohamad, (2011) amanah is from the word Aman that gives a means like peace, no fear or threat but in Islamic terminology it means honesty and fulfilling the rights of people and Allah SWT. Mohammad Yunus on may 02, 2011Amanah is fulfilling responsibilities in a good manner, with all talent and potentials , it is an amanah but not fulfilling the responsibilities is a mistrust and deception.He it is that has made you inheritors in the earth if, then, any do reject (Allah), their rejection (works) against themselves their rejection but adds to the odium for the Unbelievers in the great deal of their Lord their rejection but adds to (their own) undoing. (Fatir, 3539).satinpod (al Sidq)According to Beekun and Badawi (2012), honesty of the leaders is considered as to the extent that there is consistency between word and action. Leaders do what they say they are going to do. The Prophet Moses himself is labeled as strong and trustworthy by one of the damsels (as in chapter 28 26) while the Prophet Joseph is cited as one who is truthful in the Holy Quran. (Chapter 12 46) Similarly, the Prophet Muhammad during his youth used to be calledSadiq(the truthful) andAmin(the trustworthy).Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991), said successful leaders are open with their followers, do not violate confidences , discreet and or raffishly reveal potentially harmful information.As cited in Kirkpatrik and Locke (1991), Kouzes and Posner conclude Honesty is absolutely important to leadership. If we are willing to follow a person, whether it is into a fight or into the boardroom, we first want to guarantee ourselves that the person is worth to be trusted. We need to know whether the person is being truthful, ethical, and principled. We want to be fully ensure in the integrity of our leaders.2.4 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKTable 2.1 below was analysis of the independent and dependent variables of this research. The summary illustrates relationship between Principles of Islamic Leadership and Job Performance.Independent variable quantityDependent VariableIslamic Leadership Principles1. Justice (al Adl)2. Trust (al Amanah)3. Honesty (al Siddiq)Job PerformanceTable 2.1 Independent variables and Dependent VariableFigure 2.2 below illustrate the conceptual framework for this study. This figure demonst rates the relationship between Islamic Leadership Principles toward Job Performance.Islamic Leadership PrinciplesIndependent VariableJustice (al- Adl)Trust (al- Amanah)Job PerformanceHonesty (al Sidq)Dependent VariableIndependent VariableFigure 2.2 Conceptual Framework2.5 SUMMARYThis chapter appraises the relationship between Islamic Leadership principles towards Job Performance and the conceptual framework that presents the organizing concept of this study. Chapter 3 will discuss about the methodologies used by the researchers in order to collect and analyze the data of the study.

SWOT analysis of ananda himalayas

SWOT analysis of ananda himalayasAnanda Himalayas is a trend setting concept in two melodic phrase and luxurious spa.ananda Himalayas is a purpose of IHHR Hospitality owened by Mr Ashok Khanna.It is a luxurious spa situated in the tranquil Himalayan foothills,nested on a ampere-second acres e defer surrounded by graceful Sal forests overlooking the river Ganges,close to the towns of Rishikesh Haridwar.Ananda Himalayas was established in 2000 its Indias graduation destination spa.it is a pathway to the ultimate,discovered through the union of personify,mind soul.it provides a breathless redefine lifestyles with the long-familiar traditional Indian wellness regime of Ayurveda,yoga and Vedanta.IT is considered to be atomic number 53 of the best spa in the realism and also rated no.1 destination spa in the world by most of the travel agent as well as unfermentedspapers magazines(Travel and empty).Ranked by top new hotels of 2008by Conde nest traveller,76 hot spasacross globe by travel leisure and 26 best business hotels in South ASIA.Swot analysisStrengths-Location- situated in the green lush of Himalayas with internal flora and fauna.Heritage propertySpa- the only hotel with 21,000sq feet spa and first spa hotel in the country.Cuisine-food prep ared is contrary from routine prepa balancen and individu in ally intentional as per the body type and cooked without oil.Weakness-Cost- elbow manners are extremely expensive and not suited to home(prenominal) traveller.Limitations-hotel in the first place scissures spa and wellness packages ,limited to a less percentage of the society.Opportunities-Govt support- attract touring cars with new promotional schemes which results in high outbound tourists.Common wealth games- as games to be held in 2010,will be a boom for the industry. air hospitality- both with joint venture encourages in increasing travellers by offering cheap packages.Threats-RecessionCompetitors-many junior-grade hotels ope ned near about with cheap yoga n spa packages and it can reduce the rate of visitors to ananda. congenital hazards-like fire,flood etc.Cheap airlines packages- guest want to go international subsequently international air fair locomote down.Political issues-like good tax,labour union policies etc.Key-findings for Ananda Himalayas-biggest strength of Ananda Himalayas right now is its brand reputation be only spa in India(which is 50%)although it has to improve on weaknesses and less harvest-feastivity than its competitors.At the identical time,can increase the sale or mkt share with an increase in number of pack who want relief and better health(as it is health and wellness industry).Mission and Vision StatementMission-to create a singular design crossingoffer world class hospitality with a distinctive warmth and humblenessimprove and innovate constantlyto crate exceptional value for people,their individuality and to their growthVISION-to be a world-class hospitality chain in Indiabenchmark in spa industryto remove a world-class spa institute in Indiaexpending capacity of existing property as well as expending with more new properties.Ethos-E-empathyT-team maneuverH-h iodinstyO-ownershipS-selflessness bodily objectives-Increasing revenue from 500 m to 550.75 m.Reaching to 100% node satisfaction instead of 8.3 to 9.3%.Tar ingesting acquire from 45.64 to 58.42Taking gross gain ground ratio to 12-15%.Mktg Objectives -Increasing revenue from 50% to 100%Achieving customer satisfaction and quality standards to 100%Increasing profit from 80% to 100%Increasing growth profit ratio from 12% to 15%(CIRRUS 01 SEP 2008).Mkt section- foodstuff Segmentation broadly identifies the potential grocery stores from a general population for that refining and targeting. The foodstuff segmentation for ananda Himalayas will be crop on the two bases.1.geographic segmentation (it will contain both international and domestic markets)2.demographic segmentation.Geograph ical SegmentationCountry of Origin of Guests in Rishikesh lead hotelsCOMPOSITION quintet Star Deluxe and Five Star hotel%ASEAN2.4Australia2.1Canada1.6Carribbean0.6China3.4France2.0Germany6.6Japan3.2Middle East2.5Other European1.4Russia1.2SAARC1.0South Africa1.4UK8.4USA24.8Other37.4Total100(FHRAI, Indian Hotel Industry Survey 2008-2009)The table in a higher place shows the percentages of people from varied origin that prefer staying in the five star deluxe and five star hotels in Rishikesh. According to this survey done by FHRAI, the number of tourists from US(24.8%) is the maximum which is look oned by UK(8.4%) and Germany(6.6%) which incur a marginal difference between them. These statistics clearly show us that there is a decent follow of tourists from The US for which we already have a substantially market. Therefore, there is a scope for targeting more people from UK and Germany. Though, we still cannot target a specific market with these statistics alone which will be do ne in the later partsDemographic SegmentationForeign tourist arrival in India on the bases of sexual activity(FHRAI, Indian Hotel Industry Survey 2008-2009)For the division 2006, the percentage of foreign male tourists was 57% against the female tourists which comprises of 36%. Whereas, there are 7% of the tourists which did not report and are missing from the stats.Similar is the case for the domestic tourists as well. The percentage of men travelling is slightly high than that of females all over India.Therefore, by evaluating all the data stimulaten above, we have chosen a diametricaliation market segment method to avow the target markets. Our specific target market will beForeign business travellers from UK and Germany national tourists- leisure with high income (4.9% in all of India)Meeting ParticipantsTarget Market- somatic- as this hotel is situated in a religious tourist place.Leisure- this can be the major target market as it is basically a health and wellness spa. it attracts tourists who wants to rejuvenate.Groups- groups improves sales as well as provides hotels a good market reputation and also capture major share of market.Positioning-Market PositioniningPerceptual function Foreign Business TravellersExpensive high ModerateService Ista .Less Expensive(naresh k.malhotra(marketing research p-700)Domestic TouristsExpensiveHigh ModerateService ServiceIsta .Less Expensive(naresh k.malhotra(marketing research p-700)Key-findings for market view-If we take price and customer satisfaction ratio into consideration, Ananda has lower price than its competitors and a good customer satisfaction but not the highest.If factors like brand reputation and value for money is considered than it has got the highest brand name.Corporate marketing strategy-objectivesStrategic tacticsImplementation periodrevenue500 m to 550.75m tie-up with the travel agencies.Air-line packagesCorporate gradeGroup ratesShould start from aprilShould start through out the yearCustom er relationship8.3m to 9.3mSet-up of confused information centresStart from april and should continue through out the year.Total profit45.64m to 58.42mCutting down all unnecessary spendingsThrough out the yearsProfit percentage12-15% tag on supporter with packagesStart from aprilMarketing strategy-As per the carrefour our hotel is offering,most of the facilities are delivered directly.to seduce it more prospering we select to promote our proceeds in market to increase market share.this can be done through discordant channels of advertising(travel agency,media advertising).As our target market is incorporate and foreign clients so for this we wish to tie up with prospective business to enhance the sale.hotel is in the growth level as per increase life cycle,but due to inlet the market share percentage has gone down.to come out of this,we are going to character the differentiationmarketing strategy.in this,the focus will be on different market segment with matched price and product with quality assist.An early(a) reason is our target market is divided into small segmentations so,can substantially increase our market share through these segmentations.our brand strategy is to provide high level of operate and customer satisfaction with low rates and first objective is to increase the market share.The marketing flux strategy is based upon the two ps factors.we consider price and product.our aim is to provide different jazz than other hotels and increase market share by establishing the brand value with in the customers.Markets Ansoffs Matrix live NewProducts Products3.product development1.Market Penetration ExistingMarkets4.diversification2. Market DevelopmentNewThe Ansoffs Matrix shows four different ways of marketing. It is basically a combination of four similar but different things. Existing Products and new products ,and, existing markets and new markets. In the case of the hotel ananda, we are going to follow the two methods that are Market Penetration and Market Development as shown in the figure above. We already have a product with us and we do not scheme to create or add something new to our product line. Our plan is to enter further into the markets that we are already in. As explained earlier, we plan to increase our market share at heart the same market and try to make up the customers who fall in the same category but different profiles.The second plan is to create new markets with our existing product to offer the customers. In this case we have planned to create a new target market in the form of the domestic tourist which comes for purpose of leisure and holidaying. This is being done because according to the research that we have done in the blood it shows us the scope of the domestic tourists. Another reason that supports this strategy is that we also have the right large-minded of product offering for this market.Budget-Financial Report Percentage of Revenue (2008-2009)HotelsanandaGrand hyattsherat onsVivanta(taj)Occupied dwell Hotel33,69922,20638,72939,828Occupancy percentage55.4%63.4%66.7%65.7%Rate per room$209.59$220.09$203$186.59Room Revenue65.20%66.8%63.9%55.7%F B Revenue23.5%20.8%26.3%31.4% bed covering conferences6.6%9.2%2.0%9.7%other4%2%7%3%Total100%100%100%100%Imp- subject to further researchEvaluation of marketing plan for ananda Himalayas-Objective Increasing customer satisfaction level from 6.2 7.5Key transaction Indicator Customer Satisfaction SurveysFrequency of Evaluation monthlyObjective Increasing Revenue from 500m 550.75m.Escalating profit from 45.64m 58.42mKey Performance Indicator Revenue Report, Financial visitFrequency of Evaluation AnnuallyObjective Growing profit ratio 12.00% 15%Key Performance Indicator Monthly Revenue reports, Cash flowFrequency of Evaluation MonthlyNote (subject to further research)Contingency plan-In the event that send worded marketing plan measures prove to be ineffective or below threshold following measures are suggeste dency plan-1. PRICE+PROMOTION Cruise liners+ vacations for students.2. PRODUCT + indue slant change the product operate.3. PROCESS+PEOPLE Can stick to same old fosterage methods) only to 10% of stock per store.4. Cost cutting and cost management regards to budgeting and investment plans.The product offerAnanda, Himalayas offers a wanton and contemporary rooms with a beautiful view of landscape grounds.this hotel has 21,000 square feet spa(only one in India).all rooms are designed with a high level of comfort and as per the indispensableness of guests.Along with rooms this hotel offers a range of packages that includes scheduled aerobics,hiking trips in the foothills of Himalayas,meditation and yoga classes,wellness and treatment packages,cooking classes etc.this hotel has 75 deluxe rooms,5 suites and 3 villas.all rooms are equipped with all modern amenities.Pricing strategies-Pricing of necessity to be dogged as plays a very vital share in hotel growth.every hotel has a s et target and goal,due to turning point prices have come down. rate rationalization is the biggest change after recession.Penetrating set strategies following this strategies would sustain ananda hotel to capture more portion of market share. In this strategy ananda hotel would be offering guests competitive rates with best standards of service which could be given in same class of hotel. Following penetrating price strategies would help ananda strengthening its position in market and establishing its brand name among customers. Penetrating pricing strategies would give elasticity to demand.Competition based pricing strategies Keeping an close eye on every shade of your competitor is very essential, specially pricing strategies. Price is the only factor which would play prime constituent in attracting customers. Competition based pricing basically means pricing according to your competitors and try good-looking better or something unique to them which would be our unique selli ng point of business. Competition based pricing will help ananda to fight competition and establish its market.Promotion-Corporate and commercial ratesAir-lines packagesCorporate packagesGroup discounted ratesOff-season special packagesOn-line dealsPromotional spa packagesAnanda place in tourism governance-Ananda is a hospitality service provider in destination. Destination is composed of different elements that together make up a destination mix. Basic components of destination mix are facilities, attraction, infrastructure, transportation and hospitality service provider commonly use as acronym FAITH (Weaver Lauton 2005).Ananda is an established name in hospitality service sector, just because of rescission it lost its market share and profit started declining. To revive from the situation of rescission ananda need to establish cordial relation with other component of Destination Mix. It has seen that hospitality service provider cant alone make tourist experience better of visit ing place. The hospitality service provider needs to work in coordination with other component so that tourist can get better work and he is satisfied with hospitality given to him. For example- Guest comes from united kinghdom to attend seminar or companys meeting when he would arrive airport first thing he would require would be transportation to hotel, after reaching hotel he would require facilities that would support his travel purpose. If guest would be getting all these facilities without bickering he would be a satisfied guest and repeat guest in future or guest commercially important person for hotel(CIP) for hotel who could give more business to hotel in near future.We would suggest ananda to apply push strategy. This strategy involves pushing the product through distribution channel to final consumer. crowd together strategy will induce distribution channel to put more effort for selling the hotels room and service as they would be having personal motive or interest t hat is profit or cathexis from hotel by doing so. Using push strategy will help ananda hotel to increase scope of capturing more market because by choosing distribution channel we could widen scope of advertisement and promotion of our products. For example hotel ananda could give profitable offers to travel agent like 10% of room cost as commission in accessory to their normal commission for booking. A push strategy provides an incentive for channel member to promote product to their customer or push product through distribution channel (Kotler, Bowen., Makens2006 pg 561).People-Orientation destinationChangeInternal marketingProcess-Process ananda hotel is using is based on technology and e-marketing. sensual evidence-Brand image related to vision position.surround-The situation analysis that can be done for the hotel will include all the external factors which have an effect on the working of the hotel. These external factors can be studied by the help of PESTEL (political, ec onomic, accessible, technological, environmental, legal) analysis and how these factors affect the working of the hotel. It is a strategic planning technique that provides a useful framework for analyzing the environmental pressures on a team or an organization. (Edmonstone, Havergal, 1999).Political Environment this includes all the judicature policies, the laws in which the hotel has to deal and the pressure groups which affect the hotel performance. The Political mental unsoundness such as tax rates and other matters like the policies and rules with which the hotel is concerned. The hotel has to be in the parameters of govt policies and have to follow all the rules and regulations.Economic EnvironmentThis environment mainly deals with the money capacity of the consumer.this plays a vital role in deciding the promotion or downfall of the hotel business.The economic meltdowns lead to a downfall in the tourism sector, leading to a drop in the business of the hotel. The frugalit y has started to improve and the international corporate travelers who form the major part of the target market of the hotel have once again started to come to the hotel. The economy will need some time to improve and this time can be utilized to make new marketing strategies which will attract more such travelers and suits their needs as well.Socio-Cultural EnvironmentIt includes behaviors, perceptions, choices and the set of various individuals who constitute the society. This part includes both the employees and the society in which the hotel is working. The hotel needs to keep proper address of its employees and their needs in order to achieve high standards of work. The hotel also has some social responsibilities. The hotel can social events, the earnings of which can go for charity, it can also have an effective disposal system for garbage, water supply and gases which may help in maintaining a healthy environment for the society around it.Technological EnvironmentThese fac tors act as the facilities in the hotels and are also the main aspects which help in the differentiation of one property to another. The ananda hotel has all the modern technologies being used forthe spas compared to other hotels. The hotel can always come up with some innovative ideas to place itself at a better position than its competitors.Natural EnvironmentThe natural environment does not have much effect on the business of the hotel as anada,Himalayas situated in the beautiful landscape of Himalayas with natural and pollution free environment. This factor effects only when the marketers can use it for the promotion of the hotel.Legal EnvironmentThis part includes the various rules and the policies that the hotel needs to follow in order to fade the operations efficiently. These legal issues include the payment of taxes, giving proper remuneration to the staff, following of the legal government policies and others. Tax paid by tourists in India is the highest in the world, Ind ian hotels charge about 40% taxes compared to other Asian countries where it varies between 3% and 6%. (World travel and tourism council, 2010). Such factors as mentioned above shows the different legal requirements that are expected to be fulfilled by the hotel.Proposed environmental Scanning System for anada,Himalayas hotelEnvironmental FactorSource of InformationPerson ResponsibleFrequencyCompetitorsNewspapers rung/ solicitudeDailyGuestsStaffDailyMagazineschargeWeekly internetStaff/ ManagementWeeklyAnnual ReportsManagement periodicCustomersCustomer feedbackStaffDailyStaffManagementWeeklyTravel agentsManagementMonthly unshakable guestsStaff/ ManagementMonthlyInternetStaff/ ManagementWeeklyEconomicEconomic newslettersManagementWeeklyNews papersManagementWeeklyInternetManagementWeeklyAverage room ratesAccountant/ ManagementDailyBalance sheetsAccountant/ ManagementYearlyInternetManagementMonthlyTechnologiesTrade magazinesManagement/ Department headsMonthlyTrade showsAccountant/ Mana gementYearlyInternetManagementMonthlyNewspapersManagementWeeklyTelevisionManagementDailyThe above mentioned three name areas need to be followed for the purpose of the environmental scanning.The hotel became one of the top rated hotels in the rishikesh, but due to the recession in late 2008 most of the business was lost. The above mentioned SWOT and PESTEL analysis, if followed properly, will help the business to reach high levels of business and market share.Service Concept/productivity-Anada,Himalayas could get competitive advantage if, they properly plan and implement their supporting products. They must meet customers needs and expectation, to overbeat their competitors (Hertneneky, B,P.2006. p.g 281). In this critical stage of revitalizing from rescission, ananda hotel should not only concentrate on providing core product or basic product that would be food, shelter, and safety of guest. They should look upon providing augmented or supporting products, which are very importa nt for delivering quality service and meeting expectation of guest. The augmented product includes accessibility, atmosphere, customer interaction with service organization, customers participation and customer interaction with each other (Kotler, Bowen., Makens2006 pg 307). Augmented product is important to be understood because it tells what is delivered and how is to be delivered. ananda hotel have to work seriously upon this service concept of augmented product because these product have huge impact on guest and will help to capture major portion of markets, by customer satisfaction which is secernate element in hospitality industry.Facilities we are providing are-Wi-Fi internet access ananda hotel can provide Wi-Fi anytime anywhere, whether in-room, by the pool or in other public areassleep comfort ananda hotel can provide ergonomically designed beds and a pillow menu with a wide range of comfort pillows.Business Centre High speed internet access and board room style meeting rooms.Spa 21,000 square feet spa with all the required equipments.Pool Fitness Centre ananda hotel is giving temperature controlled swimming pool for all seasons, state of the art gymnasium with personal trainers.Tailor-made food-ananda provides food as per the customer body type and known for cooking without oil.food is inspired by ancient times and prepared with natural ingredients.Organisation-The best part about anand,Himalayas is its staff as all staff is between the age of 21 to 35,customer oriented,friendly,well versed with the knowledge of therapies.they should have this kind of staff only as customer should feel at home and comfortable only than they will be able to enjoy the treatment.strategy-Advertisement it is one of the major promotional joyrides which can be used by hotel anada,Himalayas for promotion of their products and services. Advertisement could be one the very triple-crown tool which can be used for increasing market share. If advertisement is well positi oned and planned it could help to overcome competition and help to revive from recession (Jhon,L.2009.p.g 6). Various form of advertisement which is used for promoting its products and services could be1.Internet This is one of the most widely used medium through which hotels can promote its product and services. It could be very effective in promoting products and services.2.Printed Media For example magazine, journals and news papers. This is very useful because it would help promoting product among corporate clients and corporate employee.3.Visual Media For example television, this is said to be very effective as it gives both visual and audio effect to guest. They can actually feel the product or services.4.Sales promotion They attract consumer vigilance and provide information that may lead the consumer to buy the product. Ananda can use sales promotion tool as to get quicker and stronger response from consumer. Various sales promotion tools which can be used could be5.Prom otional letters to existing guests ananda hotel can send promotional letter which includes lucrative discount offers, and various packages at discounted rates. This strategy would help ananda from recovering from recession and capturing more shares in market.distributional StrategyDistributional strategies which can be used by hotel ananda for capturing market share and overcome competitors could be-1.Trade Show This could be very effective in distributing of products and service because trade shows are being attended by various travel agents and travel tour operator. This would help them to build cordial relation with them, in return of that we could business from them.2.Exhibitions these are very important in distribution of the hotels product and services as during exhibition hotel managers could get chance to interact with other hotel managers and managers of other companies to whom they could explain their product or service which could help in increasing sales revenue.3.Airli nes magazines in airlines and airline companies could be important source for distribution of product and services of hotel.4.Corporate Companies Relation with corporate companies and advertisement in corporate magazine could help in promoting hotels product services.